Façade Engineering Environmentally Sustainable Design

1. Façade Engineering Environmentally Sustainable Design

2. MEETS BUILDING CODES AND THE MINIMUM STANDARD OF CARE • Structurally sound • Fire-safe • Does not leak • Comfortable • Controlled Ventilation

3. Source : Rockwool International website

4. Source : Architecture 2030

6. DEFINITION OF A GREEN BUILDING A building that meets codes and saves ENERGY

7. USE LESS GLASS !

8. Concept glass cube house to showcase furniture with extra clear glass by Santambrogiomilano

9. The biggest cost items in high-rise office buildings are typically SUPERSTRUCTURE,FACADESand MEP SERVICES

10. LIMIT THE GLAZING AREA TO 30 – 35% • USE HIGH PERFORMANCE GLASS

11. PROVIDE CORRECT VENTILATION • adopt ASHRAE Standard 62

12. PROPER COMMISSIONING

14. The Impact ofFAÇADESonEnergy Efficiency of Buildings

15. architecture is the hidden polluter U.S. Energy Consumption by Sector. A reorganization of existing data - combining the energy required to run residential, commercial, and industrial buildings along with the embodied energy of industry-produced materials like carpet, tile, and hardware - exposes architecture as the hidden polluter Source : Architecture 2030

16. What shall we do? OFF-SITE RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS DESIGN STRATEGIES

17. ENERGY USE IN OFFICES Source : UK Energy Efficiency Best Practice Program Energy Consumption Guide 19: Energy Use in Offices

18. Air conditioning load is due to lighting, equipment, people and heat gained through the facade

19. How efficient is your façade?

20. OTTVOverall Thermal Transfer Value WATTS PER M2

21. HEATW = OTTV xskin area W / m2 xm2

22. external environment

23. OTTV Tdeq DT SF CF x (1-WWR) x Uw + x WWR x Uf + x x WWR x SC SOLAR FACTOR SOLAR CORRECTION FACTOR TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE SHADING COEFFICIENT DIFFERENTIAL TEMPERATURE EQUIVALENT

24. 15 6 α (1 −WWR)Uw + (WWR)Uf + ( x CF x WWR x SC) 194 OTTVSimplified Formula

25. Qgc glass conduction Qgs glass solar Qwc wall conduction

26. OTTV 15 6 α (1 −WWR)Uw + (WWR)Uf + ( x CF x WWR x SC) 194 WALL HEAT SOLAR THROUGH GLASS WINDOW HEAT

27. Qgc glass conduction Qgs glass solar 10% - 20% 80% Qwc wall conduction 5%

28. OTTV Simplified Formula UwUf SC α 15 (1 −WWR) + 6(WWR) + (194 x x WWR x ) CF SOLAR ABSORPTION FACTOR U VALUE

29. OTTV UwUf SC α 15 (1 −WWR) + 6(WWR) + (194 x x WWR x ) CF SOLAR CORRECTION FACTOR

30. Orientation of Buildings

31. UwUf SC α 15 (1 −WWR) + 6(WWR) + (194 x x WWR x ) CF SHADING COEFFICIENT OTTV

32. The lower the SC, the darker the interior

33. The higher the VLT, the lighter the interior, but beware of GLARE

34. SC SHADING COEFFICIENT SC = SC1 x SC2

36. 15 (1 − ) + 6( ) + (194 x x x ) UwUf SC WWR WWR WWR α CF Window Wall Ratio OTTV

37. The Window Wall Ratio

38. Window Wall Ratio

41. DGU double glazed unit Sound insulation does not work when the air gap is small, say 6 mm Increase air gap = 20 - 100 mm

42. Low-Emissivity Glass

43. Hard Coat Low-E glass Molten tin is heat welded to the glass. Coating is very strong and difficult to scratch or remove Soft Coat Low-E glass Silver, zinc, or tin are sputtered onto the surface of the glass where they stick. Coating is not strong and easily scratched

46. EE1 : MINIMUM EE PERFORMANCE ROOF WEIGHT GROUP lightweight roof = < 50 kg/m2 heavyweight roof = > 50 kg/m2

47. EE1 : MINIMUM EE PERFORMANCE Existing Design - Assumptions WWR = 25 % Glazing SC = 0.85 Glazing U-Value = 5.7 W/m2 K Wall U-Value = 3.2 W/m2 K OTTV = 63 W/m2 Target OTTV ≤ 50 W/m2

48. EE1 : MINIMUM EE PERFORMANCE ROOF U VALUE CALCULATIONS Target Roof U Value ≤ 0.6 W/m2K 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4,5 6

49. EE3 : ADVANCED EE PERFORMANCE

50. EE3 : ADVANCED EE PERFORMANCE Design to MS 1525:2007 WWR = 25 % Glazing SC = 0.60 Glazing U-Value = 5.7 W/m2 K Wall U-Value = 3.2 W/m2 K OTTV = 50 W/m2 Target OTTV ≤ 46 W/m2 - 2 points ≤ 44 W/m2 - 4 points ≤ 42 W/m2 - 6 points ≤ 40 W/m2 - 8 points ≤ 38 W/m2 - 10 points