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Tolkningen av traktater

Tolkningen av traktater. Viktiga frågor. Hur förhåller sig de olika tolkningsmedlen till varandra? Vad innehåller de olika medlen? Hur gör vi när olika bestyrkta språkversioner leder till olika resultat?. Relevanta hierarkier. Art. 31 § 4. Art. 32. Fallet Lopez Burgos. ICCPR, art. 2 § 1:

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Tolkningen av traktater

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  1. Tolkningen av traktater

  2. Viktiga frågor • Hur förhåller sig de olika tolkningsmedlen till varandra? • Vad innehåller de olika medlen? • Hur gör vi när olika bestyrkta språkversioner leder till olika resultat?

  3. Relevanta hierarkier Art. 31 § 4 Art. 32

  4. Fallet Lopez Burgos • ICCPR, art. 2 § 1: • ”Each State Party undertakes to respect and to ensure to all individuals within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction the rights recognized in the present Convention” • ICCPR, art. 12 § 4: • ”No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of the right to enter his country.”

  5. VCLT art. 31 § 1 • ”A treaty shall be interpreted in good faith in accordance with the ordinary meaning to be given to the terms of the treaty … in the light of its object and purpose.”

  6. Exempel • EKMR, Protokoll 1, art. 2: • ”[T]he State shall respect the right of parents to ensure such education and teaching in conformity with their own religious and philosophical convictions” • Ålandskonventionen, art. 2: • ”[N]o military, naval or air force of any Power shall enter or remain in the zone” (art. 2)

  7. Exempel • 1997 BIT Romania – Greece, art. 9 • ”1. Disputes between an investor of a Contracting Party and the other Contracting Party concerning an obligation of the latter under this Agreement, in relation to the former, shall, if possible, be settled by the disputing parties in an amicable way.” • ”2. If such disputes cannot be settled within six months from the date either party requested amicable settlement, the investor concerned may submit the dispute … to international arbitration.”

  8. Exempel • EKMR art. 10 § 1: • ”Everyone has the right to freedom of expression.” • ICCPR art. 19 § 2: • ”Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive and impart information, and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his choice.”

  9. Exempel • FolkmordsK, art. 1: • ”The Contracting Parties confirm that genocide … is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish.”

  10. Exempel • Tolkning av dubbelbeskattningsavtal • Utformas ofta på basis av OECD Model Agreements • En särskild kommentar antagen av OECD • Inte i sig folkrättsligt bindande • Kan den ändå informera tolkningen av dubbelbeskattningsavtal? Hur?

  11. Flerspråkiga traktater • FNSt. Art. 51 • ”if an armed attack occurs against a Member of the United Nations” • ”dans le cas où un Membre des Nations Unies est l’objet d’une agression armée”

  12. Flerspråkiga traktater • EKMR, art. 6 § 3: • Everyone charged with a criminal offencehas the following minimum rights: ... (c) to defend himself in person or through legal assistance of his own choosing or, if he has not sufficient means to pay for legal assistance, to be given it free when the interests of justice so require; [...]. • Tout accusé a droit notamment à: ... (c) se défendre lui-même ou avoir l’assistence d’un défenseur de son choix et, s’il n’a pas les moyens de rémunérer un défenseur, pouvoir être assisté gratuitement par un avocat d’office, lorsque les intérêts de la justice l’exigent; […].

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