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German Geopolitics II.

German Geopolitics II. Nazi Geopolitics. Rural Landscape & Highway as Signs of National Identity. Karl Haushofer The Man Behind the Curtain. Father of English Geopolitics Mackinder: 1861-1947 Father or Nazi ‘Geopolitik’ Haushofer: 1869-1946 Same age, same dilemmas, different approaches.

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German Geopolitics II.

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  1. German Geopolitics II. Nazi Geopolitics

  2. Rural Landscape & Highway as Signs of National Identity

  3. Karl HaushoferThe Man Behind the Curtain • Father of English Geopolitics • Mackinder: 1861-1947 • Father or Nazi ‘Geopolitik’ • Haushofer: 1869-1946 • Same age, same dilemmas, • different approaches

  4. His Life • Studied Political sciences in Sweden at Rudolf Kjellén in 1891 • Then military-diplomatic career: • German Military Attache to Tokyo 1908-1910 • Close relation with Japanese Emperor’s family • Close study of Japanese traditions and problems, future alliance system • Annexation of Korea • Japanese Leader Tradition

  5. Military Career • WWI • General of Artillery • He had a soldier named Rudolf Hess • Experience of war, experience of other European nations • Comparism of War and Peace (Realism)

  6. Scientific Career and Munich • Munich in the twenties HQs of the NSDAP established as a Bavarian regional party • Haushofer back to the University in Munich Japanese studies dissertation • 1921 establishing Geopolitical Institut • He had a student called Rudolf Hess • ‘Beer Hall Revolt’ 1923 • Hiding Hess and Hitler sharing his ideas with them, visiting them in the jail • 1924 establishing Geopolitical Journal (definitions of a science)

  7. Good Relations with NSDAP • Hess, Hitler, Goebbels, Ribbentrop, Himler • Similarities: against neighbours, revenge for WWI, conservative, militarist traditions • Haushofer as ex Imperial General introduced Nazi leaders to German and Swiss high society • Haushofer: real author of Hitler’s books • ‘Mein Kampf’ and ‘Second Book’ with exatly his early ideas

  8. ‘Geopolitik’ Became a Pillar of Nazi Ideology & International Relations: • (more details and data from History of Diplomacy) • Lebensraum • Autarchy • Pan Regions • Naval and Land (Continental) Powers • Borders

  9. The Role of (Mass)Communication • Zeitcshrift für Geopolitics: 750 000 copies per year • Literature: Nation without Space • Radio: Haushofer had weekly speeches (def. of soap opera) • Head of German Publishing Company • Science and Communication 2 levels • The entire German nation accepted the ideas (propaganda)

  10. His Ideas Forming International Relations • ‘Shopping List’ expansion in Eu and Worldwide • Organiser of Munich Conference in 1938 (Czechoslovakia), his son draw the new borders of Europe • Supporter of Ribentrop-Molotov pact 1939 • Organiser of Italian-Japanese-German-Hungarian alliance system (similar problems, need for space, WWI experience)

  11. Career and Success in Various Levels • Science • Military • Political • Political Adviser in International relations • Communication • Thomas Mann: General Dr. von Staat • 1946 Nürnberg trial

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