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Pre WWII German Geopolitics

Pre WWII German Geopolitics. And the Geopolitik. Origins of German Geopolitics I. (all known from previous lectures) Rudolf Kjellén (Sweden, Gothenburg): The State as a Living Form and inventor of new words like: Geopolitics And National Socialism

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Pre WWII German Geopolitics

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  1. Pre WWII German Geopolitics And the Geopolitik

  2. Origins of German Geopolitics I • (all known from previous lectures) • Rudolf Kjellén (Sweden, Gothenburg): The State as a Living Form and inventor of new words like: • Geopolitics • And National Socialism • Kjellén as political scientist and conservative politician • (Geopolitic is conservative, realist, determinist)

  3. Origins of G. G. II • Biology • Moritz Wagner (Superorganism) • Darwin (Evolutionism) • Germany as a new actor in International Relations • Realpolitik • Weltpolitik • Problem of German borders and Germans as minorities abroad

  4. Friedrich Ratzel 1844-1904 • biologist, geographer (importance of nature (determinist) • Wounded in the French-Prusso War 1871 • Founder of Ethnography • Founder of Human Geography as separate subject within Geography

  5. Ideas I • State living creature • State=people+land symbolic unity • Biology: fight for resources, space • States: changing control of territory • Therefore changing borders as sign of changing power parity between neighbouring states

  6. Ideas II. • Final aim of a state: maximised territory with well secured natural borders • German State aims: reach natural borders as sea or mountains • Control natural resources • Control agricultural territories • Control stategigally important territories and transport routes

  7. Ideas III. • Also final aim for Germany: • With the territorial expansion unite all Germans abroad • Information gathering (Ethnography for political reason) • Kulturprovinz • Biogeography • Demography-parity border change

  8. Ideas IV. • Similarity in Demography and International Relations in Pre WWI era: • Germany, Italy, Austro-Hungary, Japan: densely populated states with lack of resources and arable land • No colonies • A later vision of alliance system (WWII) • Lebensraum

  9. Ratzel and Transport • His Political Geography book 1897 subtitle: • Geography of State, Transport and War • Transportation have key role in international relations • Connection, flow of people and ideas • Transport systems and borders (eg. Trianon) • Routes as Symbols: • Berlin-Bagdad railway • Amsterdam-Batavia first intercontinental flight • Tirana-Beijing flight

  10. Karl Haushofer and Nazi International Relation Theory • After Midterm Exam

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