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The French Revolution: Rise and Fall of Monarchy

Explore the causes, events, and consequences of the French Revolution from 1789-1795, including the overthrow of the monarchy, the Reign of Terror, and the establishment of the French Republic.

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The French Revolution: Rise and Fall of Monarchy

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  1. Unit 10: The French Revolution & Napoleon Phase 1: 1789-1792

  2. The French Monarchy:1775 - 1793 Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI

  3. Let Them Eat Cake! • “Madame Deficit” • “The Austrian Whore”

  4. Causes for French Revolution 1. Financial Problems • Exemption from the Taille (tax) 2. Economic depression and class disparity • Relics of Feudalism 3. Enlightenment Ideas • Equal rights for all men

  5. The French Urban Poor

  6. The Beginning of the French Revolution- Step 1 • May, 1789 • K. Louis XVI calls a meeting of the Estates General (French parliament) • necessary b/c of the financial crisis

  7. The Beginning of the French Revolution- Step 2 • June 17 1789 • The 3rd Estate wanted each representative to have a vote • King liked the current system: NO change • The Third Estate called itself the National Assembly and drafted a constitution

  8. The Number of Representativesin the Estates General: Vote by Head! Clergy 1st Estate 300 Aristocracy 2nd Estate 300 648 Commoners 3rd Estate

  9. The Beginning of the French Revolution- Step 3 • June 20 1789 • Tennis Court Oath • Oath to meet until constitution is produced

  10. “The Third Estate Awakens” • They proclaimed themselves the “National Assembly” • June 20, 1789 “The Tennis Court Oath” by Jacques Louis David

  11. The Beginning of the French Revolution- Step 4 • July 14 1789 • Parisian Mob storms the Bastille • Why is this important? 1. Royal authority in Paris has collapsed 2. National Assembly is given time 3. Popular uprisings all over France

  12. Storming the Bastille, July 14, 1789 • A rumor that the king was planning a military coup against the National Assembly.

  13. The Beginning of the French Revolution- Step 5 • August 26, 1789 • The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen • Liberty! • Property! • Resistance to oppression! • Equal rights under the law for all men

  14. The Tricolor (1789) The WHITE of the Bourbons + the RED & BLUE of Paris. Citizen!

  15. The Beginning of the French Revolution- Step 6 • 1790 • Church Reforms 1. Clergy ELECTED by the people 2. National Assembly seized Church lands and sold them

  16. The French Revolution Phase 2: 1792-1794 “Radical” Phase

  17. Radical French Rev.- Step 1 • 1792: Power transfer from the National Assembly to theParis Commune • Radical group “Sans-Culottes” • 1. Captured King Louis • 2. Massive Arrests and massacres • - supporters of King Louis • 3. Called for a National Convention for universal male suffrage

  18. The Sans-Culottes:The Parisian Working Class • Small shopkeepers. • Tradesmen. • Artisans. They shared many of the ideals of their middle class representatives in government!

  19. Radical French Rev.- Step 2 • September 1792 • National Convention establishes the FRENCH REPUBLIC

  20. Radical French Rev.- Step 3 Two Factions within the Nat. Convention • The Girondin- Conservatives outside Paris • The Mountain- Radical Parisians

  21. The Politics of the National Convention (1792-1795) Mountain Girondin • Power base in Paris. • Support from the sans-culottes. • Paris = center of the Revolution. • WIN!!! • Power base in the provinces. • Feared sans-culottes • Feared Parisian domination of politics.

  22. Radical French Rev.- Step 4 January 1793: • Mountains get King Louis XVI beheaded by the Guillotine!!!

  23. Marie Antoinette on the Way to the Guillotine

  24. Radical French Rev.- Step 5 • Spring 1793: • National Convention creates the Committees of Public Safety [CPS] • European powers about to invade (end revolution) • Led by Maximilien Robespierre

  25. Radical French Rev.- Step 6 • 1793-1794: • Robespeirre’s Reign of Terror • Targeted internal “enemies” of the revolution • 300,000 arrested. • 16,000 – 50,000 executed

  26. Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible. Let terror be the order of the day! -- Robespierre

  27. Radical French Rev.- Step 7 • 1793-1794: • De-Christianization • Catholic Church: anti revolution • Church associated w/ “old ways” • Church: superstitious practices- No place in a rational, new FRANCE!!

  28. The De-Christianization Program • Features: • The public exercise of religion wasbanned. • Destroyed religious & royal statues. • The Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris now the “Temple of Reason.” • New Calendar system

  29. A New Republican Calendar Year The Gregorian System returned in 1806.

  30. Radical French Rev.- Step 8 Summer of 1794: • Reign of Terror ends • Nat. Convention arrests Robespierre • Robespierre is tried and guillotined!

  31. The Arrest of Robespierre

  32. Radical French Rev.- Step 9 August of 1795: THE DIRECTORY • New Constitution 1) Legislative Assembly with 2 Chambers • Council of 500 (proposes legislations) • Council of Elders (accepts or rejects laws) 2) Executive Committee • 5 members chosen by the Council of Elders • Lead rulers

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