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The Nineteenth Century Piano and its Literature

The Nineteenth Century Piano and its Literature. The Development of the Piano. The Piano in 1800. The Piano in 1820. The Piano in 1850. The Piano in 1875. The “Concert” Grand Piano 2006. The Piano. Popular in the home for “amateurs” Instrument for virtuosos and musicians.

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The Nineteenth Century Piano and its Literature

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  1. The Nineteenth Century Piano and its Literature

  2. The Development of the Piano

  3. The Piano in 1800

  4. The Piano in 1820

  5. The Piano in 1850

  6. The Piano in 1875

  7. The “Concert” Grand Piano 2006

  8. The Piano • Popular in the home for “amateurs” • Instrument for virtuosos and musicians

  9. Piano Literature • Short, lyric pieces • Nocturnes • Preludes • Impromptus • More descriptive titles • Wild Hunt • The Little Bell • Programmatic titles (suggesting an image)

  10. Frederick Chopin (1810-1849) • Mother: Polish • Father: French

  11. Aurore Dudevant

  12. “George Sand”

  13. Chopin and Piano Music“poet of the piano” • Entire compositional output dedicated to the piano • Literature includes: • Études (virtuosic and technical study pieces) • Meditative nocturnes (night pieces), preludes, and “nationalistic” dances, i.e., mazurkas, polonaises, waltzes • Sonatas • Piano Concertos

  14. Modern Piano Style • One of the most original artists of 19th century • His musical life centered around the piano • “Everything must be made to sing”

  15. Repertoire • Nocturnes (night pieces) Adopted from John Field • Preludes • Études (study pieces) • Waltzes • Mazurkas, Polonaises • Ballades, Scherzos • Sonatas • Concertos

  16. Polonaise in A MajorOp. 40, No. 1 (Military) • 1838 • Ternary form • “Allegro con brio” tempo • Listen for: • 3-part dance form • Use of traditional polonaise rhythm • Brilliant pianistic writing • More lyrical trio (B), played with rubato (robbed)

  17. Chopin: Mazurka in B-Flat Minor, Op. 24, No. 4 • Chromatic lines, wide-ranging, disjunct • Moderate triple meter, dotted rhythms • Shifts between major and minor • Homophonic • ABACDA; long coda • Much RUBATO (rubare – to rob), many accents • (p. 223)

  18. Prelude in E MinorOp. 28, No. 4 • 1839 • From set of 24 • Tempo: Largo • Listen for: • Simple, conjunct melody • Chromatic harmony • Rubato • “Single” part form (through-composed) • Ends pianissimo

  19. Franz Liszt(1811-1886)

  20. Liszt’s Music • Symphonic poems – A ONE-MOVEMENT work with a literary or pictorial program • Thematic transformation • Piano pieces – Creator of modern piano technique

  21. The Little Bell(from Transcendental Etudes) • 1839-39; revised 1851 • Influence of Paganini • Sectional, with variations • A-B-A’-B’-A”-B”-A’” • Allegretto, in 6/8 meter • Full range of piano • Very difficult “virtuosic” work

  22. Program Music“The painter turns a poem into a painting; the musician sets a picture to music”Robert Schumann • Program music – Instrumental music with literary or pictorial association supplied by the composer • Absolute music – Music for music’s sake • Four types: • Concert overture • Incidental music to a play • Program symphony (multi-movement work) • Symphonic poem (one-movement work)

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