Presentation by Nancy McCann, City of Tampa Katie Cullen, IWSA MWMA’s Fall Summit, Detroit MI

1. EXPLORING THE COMPATIBILITY OF WTE AND RECYCLING Presentation by Nancy McCann, City of Tampa Katie Cullen, IWSA MWMA’s Fall Summit, Detroit MI

2. Waste To Energy Facts • 98 facilities in 29 states • WTE facilities process nearly 29 million tons of trash each year. • WTE generates 2,700 MW of electricity - enough power to meet the needs of 2.2 million homes and businesses. • One million tons per year is recycled on-site at WTE facilities.

3. Survey Background • 2002 nationwide investigation for IWSA • Reexamined whether recycling and WTE compatible • Serves as 10-year update of first IWSA compatibility research • 1992 effort demonstrated recycling and WTE support one another in many ways

4. Key WTE – Recycling Survey Findings • 100% of WTE plants linked to off-site recycling programs • 82% of WTE facilities have on-site recycling (e.g., metals, ash reuse, other) • 57% of WTE communities have higher recycling rates than the 28% national rate • 100% of respondents surveyed provided evidence supporting WTE and recycling compatibility

5. Off-Site RecyclingProgram Type • All communities w/operating WTE linked to off-site recycling programs • 91% have drop-off centers • 83% have curbside collection • 52% have materials recovery facility • 36% have other programs (e.g., composting, HHW, Hg reduction, e-waste recycling, etc.) • Combination of programs typical

6. Off-Site RecyclingType Of Materials • Metals - 95% of communities • Plastics - 91% of communities • Glass - 88% of communities • Fiber (news, mixed paper, OCC) - 84% • Other materials (batteries, used oil, computer parts, etc.) - 67% • Combination typical

7. On-Site Recycling • 77% of WTE plants recover ferrous metals • >773,000 TPY of ferrous metals recovered • 43% of WTE plants recover other recyclables (e.g., non-ferrous, plastics, glass, wg, ash) • >853,000 TPY of other recyclables recovered. • 82% of WTE recover 1.6 million tons of material for recycling

8. High Recycling Rates • WTE communities, on average, have 33% recycling rate vs. 28% national rate • 57% of WTE communities have higher recycling rates than the national rate • Ten years ago, WTE communities had 21% avg. recycling rate vs. 17% national rate

9. Recycling – WTE Compatibility Reasons • 84% noted communities with both are self sufficient in terms of managing waste locally • 67% said fewer O&M problems at WTE plants due to recycling diversion programs • 50% noted when recycling markets not available, WTE provides an alternative • 38% said WTE promotes recycling via subsidies and incentives (e.g., tip fee surcharge)

10. WTE in Florida • Over 50% of Florida’s population is served by solid waste management systems that include 13 WTE facilities. • Over one-third of waste in counties served by WTE is disposed of through the WTE facilities. • Over 500 megawatts of power is produced by WTE facilities. • Over 2 billion dollars of public bond debt has been incurred to fund solid waste systems that include WTE facilities.

11. WTE in Florida continued • All of these communities have comprehensive recycling programs with high recycling rates. • Florida generates more electricity from MSW than any other state.

12. City of Tampa WTE Facility • McKay Bay burns 320,000 tons of garbage a year as fuel. • Generates 150,000,000 kilowatt hours of electricity, which satisfies the energy needs of 15,000 homes. • The facility recovers 16,460 tons of scrap metals yearly.

13. City of Tampa Continued • Burning garbage reduces it by 90% in volume and 70% by weight saving valuable air space in landfills. • Tampa landfills approximately 115,000 tons of garbage yearly which includes ash, non-processible garbage, and processible garbage that has been diverted..

14. City of Tampa Continued • The City of Tampa recycles 80,000 tons of recyclables yearly, which includes curbside collection of aluminum, plastic, glass and newspapers, yard waste, commercial recycling of paper products and other recyclables, as well as ferrous metals from the RTE. • City staff is in the RFP process of choosing an ash recycling vendor

15. WTE is Compatible with Recycling • Recycling of non-processible and non combustible wastes such as white goods, tree stumps, bottles and cans improve the combustion process and reduce the quantity of ash. • Electronics demanufacturing and recycling removes lead and mercury from the waste stream. The City of Tampa holds three household chemical collections yearly, where residents can bring hazardous materials as well as electronics for safe disposal or recycling.

16. Recycling is Compatible with WTE • Recycling and manufacturing changes in products such as batteries have reduced toxic metals introduced into the waste stream. This improves emissions and the reuse value of the ash. • Currently, most batteries do not contain mercury, however, it is still important to recycle them.

17. WTE Helps Recycling in Tampa • WTE serves recycling by relieving the system of recyclables that cannot be sold. • When markets turn negative,WTE is better than sending the material to a landfill. Materials are recycled into energy. • Low grades of paper, wood products and plastics are usually too expensive to recycle, and have good BTU value.

18. Combined Benefits Can Be Realized Through… • A properly sized facility is a benefit. The community can recycle aggressively up front, burn what cannot be recycled, and landfill what’s left. • Communities with WTE have developed financing structures necessary to support their systems. They have the added benefit of a funding mechanism to support the cost of recycling.

19. For More Information Contact: Katie Cullen, IWSA Email: kcullen@wte.org Contact: Nancy McCann, City of Tampa Email: Nancy.McCann@ci.tampa.fl.us