PAKISTAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR TECHNOLOGIST

1. PAKISTAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR TECHNOLOGIST • AGRICULTURAL WORKSHOP • June 30, 2012 • Impact of Sugarcane Varieties in Improvement of Sugar Mills Recoveries • By • Karim Bakhsh Malik

2. Missionary Statement • Our cane yields are one of the lowest in the world and the sugar mill’s recoveries do not match the economic goals of our sugar industry

3. Expansion in Sugar Industry and Cane Area in Punjab and KPK

4. Cane Yield and Sugar Recovery in Punjab and KPK, During 1950 - 2011

5. Periodic Progress in Improvement in Cane and Sugar Yields of Pak-Punjab and Indian Punjab

6. Agencies Involved in Cane Development Activities Role of sugar mills in cane variety development. Role of Sugarcane Research Institute in variety evolution. Response of growers to new varieties. Government policies.

7. Role of Sugar Mills in Cane Variety Development Sugar Mills have the responsibility to propagate seed of high sugar varieties for its multiplication with growers. Right approach To evaluate the performance of new varieties at sugar mills farm With respect to Their adoptability in the region rapid multiplication of seed Replacement of run out varieties

8. Quite a few Sugar Mills have the insight to Replace the run out varieties • Some sugarmills provide incentive on seed and other inputs while others are least growers. • It takes long time to develop a variety in the region.

9. Five Categories of Sugar Mills with Recovery Ranges of 7.0 to 10.25%

10. Sugar Recovery % Data of Sugar Mills in Punjab

11. Sugar Recovery % Data of Sugar Mills in Punjab

12. Sugar Recovery % Data of Sugar Mills in Punjab

13. Sugar Recovery % Data of Sugar Mills in Punjab

14. Sugar Recovery % Data of Sugar Mills in Punjab

15. Sugar Recovery % Data of Sugar Mills in K.P.K

16. Points to Ponder • The 17 Sugar Mills having recovery over 9% must have taken measures to improve recovery. • We have to ask the 15 mills with sugar recovery of less than 8.5%, Has the technology specific to recovery improvement not reach their door steps? Cane variety is the single most important factory affecting Sugar Mills recovery.

17. Periodic Sugar Recoveries of Cane Varieties at Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad.

18. Periodic Sugar Recoveries of Different Sugar Mills in Punjab, During 2010-11

19. Impact of Cane Variety Composition Average recovery of mills to be high or low depends on • Cane variety composition in the area. • High sugar varieties grown in a large proportion would result in higher recoveries. • Cane varieties to be harvested according to their maturity period.

20. Cane Variety Composition Chart in Al-Moiz

21. Cane Variety Composition Chart in Premier Sugar Mills, Mardan

22. Cane Variety Composition Chart in Meeran - Zamand Area, During 2009-12

23. Role of Sugarcane Research Institute • To evolve new cane varieties to meet the demands of growers and Industry. • Testing varietals performance in different ecological conditions. • Supply of seed to sugar mills farms and cane growers.

24. Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad • The main Institute working for variety evolution in Punjab. • Sindh and KPK are also beneficiariesof its varieties released at Faisalabad. • The Institute has tried its best to release varieties with meagre resources • The varieties evolved in recent Past have the potential to give average recoveries ofover 11% • If fully adopted can bring revolution in sugar industry

25. Periodic Sugar Recoveries 0f Cane Varieties at SRI, Faisalabad

26. New Promising Cane Varieties Expected to be Released in Future

27. Evolution of Site Specific Cane Varieties Varieties to be adaptable in different soils types High sugar yielding varieties Varieties to be tolerant to prevailing diseases Tolerant to prevailing pests Tolerant to biotic stresses Specific for mechanized cultivation

28. Besides all this high level of performance The Institute should have a vigorous germplasm for a regular flow of varieties to meet the demand of sugar industry.

29. Germplasm Sources of Variety Evolution at SRI, Faisalabad, (Cronological order)

30. Germplasm Sources of Variety Evolution at SRI, Faisalabad, (Crondogical order)

31. Seedlings Transplanted with Germplasm Source from 1990 to 2011

33. Selection Pressure in Cane Seedling at Different Cane Breeding Stations

34. Cane Variety Selection Program Seedlings raised in exotic status are out come of well planned crossing program. In Pakistan the selection work is based on donation or random purchase without any character in view.

35. Future Task Infact neither Government, nor sugar industry has realised the importance of cane breeding program. All the fuzz import has been due to efforts of individual researchers. It is not a long term program. It is just a time gap arrangement. Our industry is to exist for ever. For its bright future, industry should have its own can breeding station to be established at Thatta.

36. To promote growing quality varieties sugar mills should change its cane procurements policy • Targets should not be fixed for maximum purchase of certain quantum of cane, it should be rather on production of sugar in a season. • This policy would develop a close liasion between cane, chemical and mechanical departments

37. Government Policies Cane payment system Flat rate on cane irrespective of its quality It does not encourage to grow quality cane Growers taste was CO 1148 , SPF 238. Growers were compelled to eradicate unwanted varieties by un-authorized cut on cane wt/ cane price. Cane payment system need to be linked with cane quality.

38. Response of Growers to Cane Varieties • Growers look for their benefits in termsof high cane yield – irrespect of quality • Good ratooner. • Well adapted varieties in the region • Growers have selective response to new lines • CP77-400, SPF-234, CPF-237, HSF240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, CPF246, 247.

39. Conclusion • Our cane yields and recoveries are one of the lowest in the world • The steps taken to improve provincial yields and and recoveries are questioned • For about 4-5 decades we dragged on consistently low sugar yields • Features of some improvement have been noticed from 1990 onward but to match the progressing world much has yet to be done

40. The agencies involved in cane variety development have been discussed • The sugar industry has just waken up showing a little rise in sugar recoveries, but still 30-40% of the mills seem to be immobile • Sugarcane Res. Instt. has in near past released very remarkable varieties like CP-400, SPF234 HSF240 and CPF246,their efforts are applaudable---- but the Instt. Lacks ample germplasm for frequent release of site specific varieties • Both Govt. and the sugar industry are to be blamed for not establishing self contained Cane Breeding fascilities in Pakistan • All the agencies should realize the importance of cane breeding for bright future of ever lasting sugar industry of Pakistan

41. For bright future of ever lasting Sugar Industry the importance of cane breeding has not been realized • To assure a bright future long terms measure are earnestly required rather than time gap arrangements

42. Thanks