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Section 5.4 Minerals and Mineral Groups

The two most abundant elements in Earth’s crust ….. The 2 most abundant minerals in Earth’s crust…. Silicon & oxygen Quartz & Feldspar. Section 5.4 Minerals and Mineral Groups. 2 major Silicates… Quartz… Feldspar. Made up of silicon and oxygen Hardest COMMON mineral

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Section 5.4 Minerals and Mineral Groups

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  1. The two most abundant elements in Earth’s crust ….. The 2 most abundant minerals in Earth’s crust….. Silicon & oxygen Quartz & Feldspar Section 5.4Minerals and Mineral Groups

  2. 2 major Silicates… Quartz… Feldspar Made up of silicon and oxygen Hardest COMMON mineral Smokey, rose, milky, amethyst Worn as a gemstone Can be orthoclase (pink) or plagioclase (grey)

  3. Other silicates… Pyroxene Mica Muscovite (white) and biotite (black) Best cleaving ability!

  4. Carbonates…. Calcite Bonded with -CO3 Calcium carbonate CaCO3 Has birefringence (double refraction) Reacts to HCl Will phosphoresce

  5. Carbonates con’t. Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2 Is found in limestone

  6. Oxides Hematite Magnetite A metal element bonded to oxygen Iron Oxide Used in jewelry Black iron oxide Magnetic!

  7. Sulfides Pyrite A metal bonded to Sulfur Iron sulfide Fool’s Gold!

  8. Others… Halite Salty to the taste

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