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Mineral Diversity: From Silicon and Oxygen to Quartz and Feldspar

Explore the diverse world of minerals found in Earth's crust, ranging from Silicon and Oxygen, the two most abundant elements, to Quartz and Feldspar, the two most abundant minerals. Discover the characteristics and properties of silicates like Quartz and Feldspar, as well as other minerals such as Pyroxene, Mica, Carbonates like Calcite and Dolomite, Oxides like Hematite and Magnetite, Sulfides like Pyrite, and more. Learn about their unique features, colors, and uses, from gemstones to industrial applications.

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Mineral Diversity: From Silicon and Oxygen to Quartz and Feldspar

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  1. The two most abundant elements in Earth’s crust ….. The 2 most abundant minerals in Earth’s crust….. Silicon & oxygen Quartz & Feldspar Section 5.4Minerals and Mineral Groups

  2. 2 major Silicates… Quartz… Feldspar Made up of silicon and oxygen Hardest COMMON mineral Smokey, rose, milky, amethyst Worn as a gemstone Can be orthoclase (pink) or plagioclase (grey)

  3. Other silicates… Pyroxene Mica Muscovite (white) and biotite (black) Best cleaving ability!

  4. Carbonates…. Calcite Bonded with -CO3 Calcium carbonate CaCO3 Has birefringence (double refraction) Reacts to HCl Will phosphoresce

  5. Carbonates con’t. Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2 Is found in limestone

  6. Oxides Hematite Magnetite A metal element bonded to oxygen Iron Oxide Used in jewelry Black iron oxide Magnetic!

  7. Sulfides Pyrite A metal bonded to Sulfur Iron sulfide Fool’s Gold!

  8. Others… Halite Salty to the taste

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