El Subjuntivo

1. El Subjuntivo Subjunctive: Straight from the Book Página: 183, 217 & 222

2. The subjunctive is not a tense; rather, it is a mood. Tense refers to when an action takes place (past, present, future), while mood merely reflects how the speaker feels about the action. The subjunctive mood is rarely used in English, but it is widely used in Spanish.

3. So far, you have studied verb tenses in the indicative mood. The indicative mood is used to express factual information, certainty, and objectivity. Ustedva al Perú en diciembre. You are going to Peru in December. • The above sentence merely reports the fact that you are going to Peru in December, so the indicative mood (present tense) is used.

4. Let’s alter that sentence just a bit… Dudoqueustedvaya al Perú en diciembre. • I doubt that you are going to Peru in December. • In the above sentence, the clause "dudo" introduces a quality of uncertainty, -- the speaker does have doubt, so here the subjunctive mood is used in the second clause (vaya).

5. And once again with a slight change No dudoqueustedva al Perú en diciembre. • I don't doubt that you are going to Peru in December. • In the above sentence, the clause "no dudo" introduces a quality of certainty, -- the speaker has no doubt, so the indicative mood is used in the second clause (va) as well as the first (no dudo).

6. Subjunctive vs. Indicative • The subjunctive mood is used to express everything except certainty and objectivity: things like doubt, uncertainty, subjectivity, etc. • The difference between indicative and subjunctive is the difference between certainty/objectivity (indicative) and possibility/subjectivity (subjunctive). not influenced by personal feelings, interpretations, or prejudice; based on facts; unbiased existing in the mind; belonging to the thinking subject. Placing excessive emphasis on one's own moods, attitudes, opinions VS.

7. Indicative • John goes to the store.(This sentence merely states the certain, objective fact that John goes to the store.) • I know that John goes to the store.(The clause "I know" tells us that the speaker feels that it is a certain, objective fact that John goes to the store.) • There is no doubt that John goes to the store.(The clause "there is no doubt" tells us that the speaker feels that it is a certain, objective fact that John goes to the store.)

8. Subjunctive • I want John to go to the store.(The clause "I want" tells us that the speaker feels that there is uncertainty as to whether John goes to the store.) • I hope that John goes to the store.(The clause "I hope" tells us that the speaker feels that there is uncertainty as to whether John goes to the store.) • It is possible that John will go to the store.(The clause "it is possible" tells us that the speaker feels that there is uncertainty as to whether John goes to the store.)

10. 2 clauses • If you encounter a sentence with a main clause followed by a second clause, and the main clause introduces a quality of certainty or objectivity (uninfluenced by emotions or personal prejudices), the sentence will use the indicative mood in the second clause, since the sentence will be reporting something certain. Es ciertoqueLa Profesorasabeel subjuntivo. • If you encounter a sentence with a main clause followed by a second clause, and the main clause does not introduce a quality of certainty or objectivity, the sentence will usually use the subjunctive mood in the second clause, since the sentence will not be reporting something certain. YoEsperoqueLa Profesorasepael subjuntivo.

11. ¿Recuerda el Camión? Hay 2 partes del camión. ¿Quéconecta los dos partes? 2. 1. QUE

12. Estosverbosusan el subjuntivo These are verbs of hope • Ojalá – Hopefully (I hope) • Desear – To desire/wish • Esperar – To hope • Querer – to want • Aconsejar – toadvise • insistir en – toinsist • Prohibir – toprohibit • Dejar – toallow • mandar- toorder/command • Recomendar – torecommend • Exigir – todemand • Pedir – toask/order • Sugerir – tosuggest • Preferir – toprefer In the first clause, all of these verbs will be conjugated in the present tense. In the second clause, If there is a changeof subject, add QUE and a subjunctive verb. If there is no change in subject, don’t use QUE and the second verb will remain in its infinitive form. These are verbs of influence Let’s break this down a little more.

13. In these sentences, we want, hope, or wish/desire that someone else does something. But it is uncertain that they will actually do it, so we use the subjunctive. Here, the boy wants to behave well. There is no change of subject. It’s not an opinion, it’s a fact, or it’s certain. So we use the indicative.

14. Ojalá Meaning: • Let’s hope so; hopefully • God willing – Hope to God • Let’s hope (that) (followed by present subjunctive) • God grant (that) (followed by present subjunctive) Implies that something is hypothetical or contrary-to-fact: • Ojaláqueestéaquí. hopefully she is here. [She might be here.]

15. Te Toca a Ti • I hope that my parents buy a new car. • Esperoquemis padres compren un cochenuevo. • My parents want me to get good grades. • Mis padres quierenqueyosaquebuenasnotas. • I want to win a lot of money. • Quieroganar mucho dinero. Here, I want to win a lot of money. There is no change of subject. It’s not an opinion, it’s a fact, or it’s certain. So we use the indicative. This is what I want for myself; there is no doubt.

18. Te Toca a Ti • Señorita recommends that her students study the subjuntive. • La Srta. recomiendaquesusestudiantesestudien el subjuntivo. • I advise you to practice the conjugations. • Aconsejoquetúpractiqueslasconjugaciones. • The students ask to have the answers. • Los estudiantespidentenerlasrespuestas. Here, there is no change of subject. The students are talking about themselves. They ask TO HAVE (infinitive).

19. Repaso