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Students with Learning Disabilities. Mathematics. Math Skills Development. Learning readiness Number instruction Classification, ordering, one-to-one correspondence More Advanced Mathematics Operations Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division Basic axioms
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Students with Learning Disabilities Mathematics
Math Skills Development • Learning readiness • Number instruction • Classification, ordering, one-to-one correspondence • More Advanced Mathematics • Operations • Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division • Basic axioms • Commutative property of addition, commutative property of multiplication, associative property of addition and multiplication, distributive property of multiplication over addition, and inverse operations for addition and multiplication
Specific Learning Disabilities In Math • General Characteristics • Learned helplessness • Passive learners • Metacognitive and cognitive processes • Social and emotional factors • Arousal deficit theory
Math Skills Assessment • General skills assessment • Specific skills assessment • Problem-solving assessment • Attitude toward mathematics
Examining Math Errors • Corrective intervention is influenced by type of error • Two major areas • Computation • Problem Solving
Level of Understanding • Concrete • Manipulation of objects • Semiconcrete • Working with illustrations of items in performing math tasks • Abstract • Use of numerals
Assessment • Formal math assessment with standardized tests • Formal math assessment with criterion-referenced tests • Informal math assessment • Curriculum-based measurement • Teacher-constructed tests • Assessment at the three levels • Diagnostic math interviews
Problem-solving Communication of mathematical ideas Mathematical reasoning Application of mathematics to everyday situations Alertness to reasonableness of results Estimation Appropriate computational skills Algebraic thinking Measurement Geometry Statistics Probability Research on Effective Math Instruction
Teaching the Acquisition of Math • Follow teaching steps • Use teacher modeling of explicit strategies • Focus on teacher-student interactions • Use the concrete-semiconcrete-abstract sequence • Teach concepts and rules • Monitor progress and provide feedback • Maintain flexibility
Teaching Toward… • Mastery • Problem solving • Generalization • Positive attitude toward math
Concrete-Semiconcrete-Abstract Activities • Subtraction with regrouping • Multiplication • Algorithms • Multiplication algorithms • Fraction algorithm
Problem-Solving Interventions • CSA sequence • RIDE • Read the problem correctly • Identify the relevant information • Determine the operations and unit for expressing the answer • Enter the correct numbers and calculate and check the answer