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Enhancing Written Communication for Students with Learning Disabilities

Improve handwriting, spelling, and written expression skills for students with learning disabilities using assessment, teaching, and strategies. Address handwriting and spelling problems, assess skills, and teach effective techniques for better written expression.

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Enhancing Written Communication for Students with Learning Disabilities

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  1. Students with Learning Disabilities Written Communication: Handwriting, Spelling, and Written Expression

  2. Handwriting Problems • Instruction in handwriting improves written expression skills • There are many handwriting problems including slowness, too much or too little slant, and mirror handwriting

  3. Assessment of Handwriting Skills • Few standardized tests to measure handwriting • Informal Assessment Techniques • Close visual examination of student’s handwriting noting problem areas or error patterns

  4. Teaching Handwriting Skills • Readiness Skills • Manuscript Writing • Transitional Writing • Cursive Writing

  5. Development of Spelling Skills • Precommunicative spelling • Semiphonetic Spelling • Phonetic Spelling • Transitional Spelling • Correct Spelling

  6. Assessment of Spelling Skills • Standardized and Criterion-Referenced Tests • Informal Assessment Techniques • Dictated spelling test • Informal spelling inventory • Curriculum-based measurement • Spelling error analysis • Cloze procedure • Probes

  7. Teaching Spelling Skills • Rule-Based Instruction • Multisensory Approach • Test-Study-Test Technique • Study strategies • Fixed and Flow Word Lists • Additional Considerations

  8. Written Expression Skills • One of highest forms of communication • Typically not acquired until person has extensive experience with reading, spelling, and verbal expression • Problems may not be diagnosed until upper elementary years

  9. Assessment of Written Expression Skills • Standardized and Criterion-Referenced Tests • Informal Assessment Techniques • Fluency • Syntax • Vocabulary • Structure • Content • Profile of Component

  10. Assessment of Written Expression Skills continued • Curriculum-based measurement • Portfolio assessment

  11. Teaching Written Expression Skills • Creative and functional writing • Shift from product of writing to the process involved in creating that product • Three basic steps: • Planning, writing, and revising • Teacher should promote a positive attitude to motivate student to write

  12. Written Expression Strategies • PENS • PLEASE • COPS • TOWER • HOW

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