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Environment Engineering I

An- Najah National University Civil Engineering Department. Environment Engineering I. Chapter Twelve- section 2. Solid Waste Management. Dr. Amal Hudhud Dr. Abdel Fattah Hasan. Method of Disposal. Combustion (1).

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Environment Engineering I

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  1. An- Najah National University Civil Engineering Department Environment Engineering I Chapter Twelve- section 2 Solid Waste Management Dr. Amal Hudhud Dr. Abdel Fattah Hasan

  2. Method of Disposal

  3. Combustion (1) • To reduce waste volume, local governments or private operators can implement a controlled burning process called combustion or incineration • Burning waste at extremely high temperatures also destroys chemical compounds and disease-causing bacteria.

  4. Sanitary landfill (2) • Before 1979 MSW disposal to open dump which result in bad impact to Environment and human health • After 1978 open dumping of waste was banned and replaced by sanitary landfill

  5. sanitary landfill Land disposal site employing an engineered method of disposing of SW on a land in a manner that minimizing environmental hazards by spreading solid waste to the smallest practical volume, applying and compacting cover material at the end of each day

  6. sanitary landfill • Site selection • Restricted location such as wetland flood plain, seismic impact areas • Public opposition • Proximity to roadways and bridge • Location of GW table • Soil condition and topography • Availability of cover material

  7. Sanitary landfill • Operation • Area method the most common method in operation SLF it uses three step: spreading the waste, compacting and covering with soil • The waste is spread in 0.4 -0.6 m layer and compacted

  8. Sanitary landfill

  9. Sanitary landfill • Depths of Cover

  10. Sanitary landfill • Environmental consideration • Good compaction of waste, and daily covering with good covers are a must to control flies, rodents and fires

  11. Sanitary landfill • Leachate • Liquid that passes through the landfill, extract dissolved and suspended matter from waste material • Liquid contains: decomposition of waste, rainfall, surface drainage and Groundwater

  12. Sanitary landfill

  13. Sanitary landfill • Quantity of leachate

  14. Sanitary landfill • When the landfill reach its field capacity (the quantity of water held against gravity)leachate begin to flow • Amount of leachate is determined by Darcy law

  15. Sanitary landfill • Control of leachate: landfill must be lined in a specific manner to meet maximum contaminate level for G.W • Specific liner include synthetics membrane 0.76 mm thick (HDPE, PVC….)

  16. Sanitary landfill

  17. Sanitary landfill • Leachate treatment • New landfill high concentration of Ammonia, organic chemical • Old landfill high concentration of salts • Treatment options: 1) directly to WWTP • 2) pretreatment on site (flocculation- • sedimentation –filtration) • 3) treatment on site Activated sludge • and Reverse Osmosis (RO)

  18. Sanitary landfill • Methane and other gases production: Emitted from a landfill as a result of microbial decomposition (CO2 and CH4)

  19. Sanitary landfill • Leachate monitoring • Groundwater monitoring • Surface water monitoring • To provide data that leachate is not infiltrating into groundwater to identify risk associated with improved operation of the landfill

  20. Sanitary landfill • Landfill Design • Site Preparation, building, monitoring wells, size, liners, leachate collection system, final cover, gas collection. Where = volume of landfill (in m3) P = population E = ratio of cover (soil) to compacted fill = = volume of solid waste ( in m3) = volume of cover ( in m3) C = average mass of solid waste collected per capita ( in Kg. person -1) Dc= density of compacted fill (in Kg. m-3)

  21. Sanitary landfill • Landfill closure • Final cover to be applied in order to prevent moisture from entering the closed landfill

  22. Sanitary landfill • issues that need to be considered in developing a landfill closure plan • Landfill will be threaten for ever (heavy metals and salts) • Liners integrity issues • Leachate collection system • Landfill cover • GW monitoring • Gas emission

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