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End of WW1

End of WW1. The Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations. End of War. Nov. 3, 1918 –sailors refused to sail out b/c felt no use fighting anymore Nov. 9, 1918 – Rebellion in Berlin led to est. of German Republic (Kaiser out)

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End of WW1

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  1. End of WW1 The Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations

  2. End of War • Nov. 3, 1918 –sailors refused to sail out b/c felt no use fighting anymore • Nov. 9, 1918 – Rebellion in Berlin led to est. of German Republic (Kaiser out) • No decisive battle to end war, but German war machine was exhausted • 11/11 at 11 - Germany stopped the fighting

  3. Wilson’s 14 Points • Plan for Post WW1 Europe • Goal: To prevent future wars • Encouraged Central Powers to surrender • Listed in a speech delivered by President Wilson January 8, 1918. • Only 4 points ultimately adopted in Treaty

  4. Paris Peace Conference • 5 Treaties made during Paris Peace Conference • Treaty of Versailles – Germany • Treaty of Trianon – Hungary • Treaty of Neuilly – Bulgaria • Treaty of St. Germaine – Austria • Treaty of Sevres - Turkey

  5. Treaty of Versailles • Treaty between Allies and Germany • Very Harsh towards Germany, much more so than what was presented in Wilson’s 14 points • US did not adopt the Treaty • See Handout for details

  6. Treaty of Versailles and Germany • Germany must demilitarize • Germany loses many colonial claims • Belgium gets some of German land • France gets Germany’s Saar Basin (coal mines) • Denmark and Czechoslovakia get German land • Germany must reduce Navy • War Guilt Clause – Clause 231  Germany is blamed for the war • Must pay a set impossible 6.6 billion pounds in reparations

  7. League of Nations • Organization of Countries • Goal of League: to prevent future wars, by providing a venue for countries to discuss/work out disputes • 2 Tier Assembly • General Assembly – all country members • A Council – 5 Great Powers, 4 other elected powers

  8. Problems with the League • League could not pose sanctions • No Military to enforce its will • No action could be taken without the consent of the Council • U.S. does not join the League of Nations

  9. Effects of WW1 How WW1 set History for the 20th century

  10. 1. Political Chaos • A) Collapse of Monarchies • Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire • Instability will ultimately lead to rise of Dictators • B) Creation of New Countries • Czechoslovakia, Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Finland, Yugoslavia, Syria, Iraq • Leads to Ethnic Conflicts

  11. 2. Crushed Economies • Parts of Europe completely demolished by the fighting  farm lands, industry • German reparations were so high, unable to keep up • Economic stagnation – unemployment, sagging currencies • Leads to DEPRESSION, especially in Germany

  12. Social Chaos • displaced refugees • Social damage from: • 10 million men dead • millions wounded and/or disabled • 5 million widows • 9 million orphans • Unstable birth rate • Psychological damage due to shell shock, loss of limbs, death of friends/families • Lead to: alcoholism, morphine addiction • Many disabled soldiers struggling to find a new role in society, no equipment produced in their aid

  13. US post-WW1 • Obvious New World Power • Return to Isolationism • New wave of Nativism • Women earn suffrage

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