Green & Sustainable Chemistry

1. DIPARTIMENTO SCIENZE CHIMICHE E TECNOLOGIE DEI MATERIALI Green & Sustainable Chemistry Luigi Ambrosio Department of Chemical Science and Materials Technology National Research Council of Italy Piazzale A. Moro, 00186 Roma Email: direttore.dpm@cnr.it www.dpm.cnr.it

2. DIPARTIMENTO SCIENZE CHIMICHE E TECNOLOGIE DEI MATERIALI SCIENZE E TECNOLOGIE MOLECOLARI MILANO, Padova e Perugia CHIMICA INORGANICA E DELLE SUPERFICI PADOVA CHIMICA DEL RICONOSCIMENTO MOLECOLARE MILANO e Roma STUDIO DELLE MACROMOLECOLE MLANO, MMilano, Genova, Biellae Bi SINTESI ORGANICA E LA FOTOREATTIVITA' BOLOGNA e Ferrara CHIMICA DEI COMPOSTI ORGANO-METALLICI FIRENZE, Bari e Pisa CRISTALLOGRAFIA BARI e Roma STUDIO DEI MATERIALI NANOSTRUTTURATi ROMA, Palermo, Bologna METODOLOGIE CHIMICHE ROMA BIOSTRUTTURE E BIOIMMAGINI NAPOLI e Catania TECNOLOGIA DELLE MEMBRANE COSENZA e Padova CHIMICA E TECNOLOGIA DEI POLIMERI NAPOLI e Catania MATERIALI COMPOSITI E BIOMEDICI NAPOLI e Pisa CHIMICA BIOMOLECOLARE NAPOLI, Sassari, Catania, Roma e Padova • Network SCIENZE E TECNOLOGIE DEI MATERIALI CERAMICI FAENZA

3. DIPARTIMENTO SCIENZE CHIMICHE E TECNOLOGIE DEI MATERIALI • - Biopharmaceutical properties • - Drug delivery • Drug discovery • Biomaterials & Tissue • Engineering • Biosensors • Computational modeling • - New catalysts • - Enzymatic reactions • Hydrogen generation • and storage • Renewable energy sources • Processes with low • environmental risk • - Nanostructures, nanomaterials • - Photonics, optoelectronics • Polymer composites • Materials technologies • Surface technologies • Computational modelling • Sensors Health Sustainability Converging Technologies Molecular Design for Social and Economic Needs Pharmaceuticals Food Security Transport Industrial Processes Next Manufacturing

4. DIPARTIMENTO SCIENZE CHIMICHE E TECNOLOGIE DEI MATERIALI 1. New molecules with specific biochemical properties 2. Polymer systems for functional and structural properties 3. Novel products and processes for sustainable chemistry 4. Nano-structured systems with electronic properties 5. Molecular based design and modification of coatings 6. Enabling technologies for drug discovery 7. Predictive modeling of functionalities PROJECTS/PLATFORMS

5. The project strategy Improve the existing (catalytic) processes Design and development, of new synthetic processes Sustainable production ofenergy Energy Hydrogen technology Alternative fuels STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES Reuse and Recycleofwaste materials Efficiency and selectivity Valorization and abatement ofpollutants Process optimization Biorefinery Valorizationof renewable resources Photovoltaic Conversionof renewable feedstock Progetto PM-P03 “Innovative products and processes for sustainable chemistry“ SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY Environmental issues

6. F IRENZE H 2 HYDROLAB Production Red bacteria Solar energy Highlights Organic acids Lacto bacteria H2 Vegetal wastes compost H2 PHOTOBIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION FROM NON SULFUREUS RED BACTERIA FROM VEGETAL WASTES AND SOLAR ENERGY

7. IBC Hydrolyzed protein Biolubricants Polyols Glicerol Biopolymers ISMAC Packaging Fibres Biomass ISMAC Oligomers and carbohydrates ICRM Project Ve.Li.Ca. – Bioraffinary from Linen e Kanapa www.velica.org Oil ω-3 IBC ISTM Pressatura Genotype Selection IBBA

8. The Twelve Principles of GREEN CHEMISTRY

9. Sustainability: "Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.“ is the goal Green Chemistry: Technologies that are energy efficient, minimise or preferably eliminate the formation of waste, avoid the use of toxic and/or hazardous solvents and reagents and, where possible, utilise renewable, raw, materials. is the mean

10. SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY Catalysis Safer Reactions & Reagents • Solvent • Replacement Separation Processes Sustainable chemistry Use of Renewable Feedstocks Energy Efficiency Waste Minimisation Process Intensification

11. SOCIETAL CHALLANGES • Enhanced global warming • Depletion of resources (not only fuels!) • Food shortages • Shortages of potable water • Population growth - aging • Waste & pollution FOOD +70% by 2050

12. KEY ENANBLIG TECHNOLOGY • In 2009, European Member States and the European Commission identified Key EnablingTechnologies (KETs) for their potential impact in strengthening Europe's industrial and innovation capacity. • Six KETs • nanotechnology • micro and nanoelectronics • advanced materials • photonics • industrial biotechnology • advanced manufacturing systems

13. THE “VALLEY OF DEATH” Whilst European R&D is generally strong in new KET technologies, the HLG has observed that the transition from ideas arising from basic research to competitive KETs production is the weakest link in European KET enabled value chains. The gap between basic knowledge generation and the subsequent commercialization of this knowledge in marketable products, has been commonly identified across the KETs and is known in broad terms as the "valley of death" issue. This “Valley of Death” has been identified in many competitor countries, including the USA, China and Taiwan. All have established coordinated programmes in strategically important areas that cover the full innovation chain addressing basic and applied research, demonstrators, standardization measures, deployment and market access, all at the same time and, significantly, in a logical joined-up manner.

14. AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO KETS FOR FUTURE COMPETITIVENESS: THREE PILLAR BRIDGE MODEL TO PASS ACROSS THE "VALLEY OF DEATH " The technological research pillar based on technological facilities supported by research technology organisation; The product development pillar based on pilot lines and demonstrator supported by industrial consortia The competitive manufacturing pillar based on globally competitive manufacturing facilities supported by anchor companies.

15. Key Enabling Technologies….. ……..multidisciplinary and trans-sectorial, cutting across many technology areas with a trend towards convergence, technology integration and the potential to induce structural change

16. INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY • “the application of science and technology to living organisms, as well as parts, products and models thereof, to alter living or non-living materials for the production of knowledge, goods and services.” • Main biotechnology techniques : • DNA/RNA. • Proteins and other molecules • Cell and tissue culture and engineering. • Process biotechnology techniques. • Gene and RNA vectors • Bioinformatics • Nanobiotechnology

17. Emerging Trend Biological Intermediates substituting petrochemical building blocks

18. Synthetic biology • very important step forward, since it allows designing chemicals that would not occur by natural pathways. • to obtain “unnatural” products by modifying bacteria (i.e. Escherichia coli) or modifying yeasts opens a wide new field for the production of tailor made chemicals for very different purposes. • Advanced research synthetic biology, - At present the genetic modification of bacteria allows to obtain for example tailor recombinant polymers (protein, polysaccharides ect.) or foreseen applications as elimination of toxic residues ect.

19. ………still limitation in process sustainability • - Sources • Energy balance in different processing steps • Environmental impact in the processing steps (chemicals, etc) • Economic balance • Product stability • Interfaces • Regulation • Ethical Issue To overcome the limitation of actual process sustainability Knowledge and new tools from Chemistry , Synthetic biology and Nanotechnology

20. DIPARTIMENTO SCIENZE CHIMICHE E TECNOLOGIE DEI MATERIALI ………Fully exploit the scope of relevant R&D definitions in its programmes which support the full and simultaneous implementation the innovation chain, from basic research, through technological research, product development and prototyping up to globally competitive manufacturing.

21. DIPARTIMENTO SCIENZE CHIMICHE E TECNOLOGIE DEI MATERIALI THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION !