Cardiac Risk Assessment Know Your Numbers

1. Cardiac Risk Assessment Know Your Numbers

2. Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and Diabetes • Can affect all areas ofthe body • Can decrease quality of life • May shorten lifespan • Can be managed or prevented • CVD is the #1 cause of death in the United States

3. Are You At Risk? Risk Factors Beyond Your Control: • Age • Gender • Genetics • Race Percentage of all deaths caused by heart disease, listed by ethnicity* • African Americans 24.4 • American Indians or Alaska Natives 17.9 • Asians or Pacific Islanders 23.2 • Hispanics 20.7 • Whites 25.1 *Most recent figures from CDC

4. Are You At Risk? Manageable Factors: • Cigarette smoking • Excess weight • High blood pressure • Diabetes • Physical inactivity • Elevated cholesterol and triglycerides

5. Body Mass Index BMI = Weight (kg) / Height (m) • For an online BMI calculator go to: • http://www.foh.hhs.gov/oct

6. Blood Pressure High Blood Pressure or Hypertension: • Usually has no symptoms • Known as the “silent killer” • 1 in 3 adults have high BP • Affects 50% of diabetics

7. TC (Total Cholesterol) Total Cholesterol = HDL + LDL + VLDL (Triglycerides ÷ 5)

8. HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) “Good” Cholesterol • Moves fats away from the artery walls

9. Triglycerides Most common type of fat in the body and a major source of energy

10. What’sInYour Blood?

11. LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) “Bad” cholesterol • Moves fats to the artery walls, causing plaque build up and blockage

12. Non-HDL LDL + VLDL = non-HDL • Both of these are “bad” cholesterol.

13. Total Cholesterol/HDL Ratio Some experts believe the ratio is more useful than total cholesterol in determining risk and treatment. As ratio increases, so does risk.

14. Metabolic Syndrome Having three or more of the following risk factors is associated with heart disease: Abdominal Obesity Waist Circumference > 40” for men Waist Circumference > 35” for women Triglycerides> 150 HDL < 40 for men; < 50 for women Blood Pressure> 130/85 Fasting Glucose>110

15. What is Diabetes? • Insulin is a hormone (produced by the pancreas) needed to attach to glucose in the blood to help take glucose to our cells for energy. • If the body cannot produce orproperly use insulin, the result is increased glucose (sugar) in the bloodstream. This condition is known as diabetes. • New research shows that (other than genetics) the primary cause of diabetes is a long-term diet that has been high in nutritionally deficient carbohydrates, causing an abnormal relationship between glucose and insulin.

16. Diabetes Epidemic • More than 18 million Americans have diabetes. • Some 41 million more have pre-diabetes. • 1 out of 8 African Americans are diabetic. • 1 out of 10 Hispanic Americans are diabetic. Unless we reverse this trend, in the next 15-20 years, there will be an epidemic of people being DISABLEDby diabetic complications.

17. Blood Glucose Levels • * Follow up with your doctor. The diagnosis of diabetes is not given with a single test. Call your doctor if you have elevated results.

18. Essential Steps • Drink 6 to 8 glasses of water daily. • Eat a healthy diet and increase physical activity. • Get adequate sleep. • Decrease stress. • Limit alcohol consumption. ≤ 1 drink/day for women ≤ 2 drinks/day for men • Maintain healthy weight/BMI.

19. What is a Healthy Diet? According to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines, a healthy diet is one that: • Balances calories with physical activity to manage weight • Includes more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fat-free and low-fat dairy products, and seafood • Has fewer foods that contain sodium (salt), saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, added sugars, and refined grains

20. Regular Physical Activity • First get checked out by your doctor. • Start slowly. • Set reasonable goals. • Increase daily activities. • Schedule exercise time. • Do what is enjoyable!