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Chapter 3 – Nucleic Acids, Proteins and Enzymes

Chapter 3 – Nucleic Acids, Proteins and Enzymes. 3.1 Nucleic Acids are Informational Macromolecule. Diagram and describe the structure of the DNA molecule including: The monomer and its parts (all variations) Difference between purines and pyrimidines

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Chapter 3 – Nucleic Acids, Proteins and Enzymes

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  1. Chapter 3 – Nucleic Acids, Proteins and Enzymes

  2. 3.1 Nucleic Acids are Informational Macromolecule • Diagram and describe the structure of the DNA molecule including: • The monomer and its parts (all variations) • Difference between purines and pyrimidines • Reaction that links the monomers into the polymer and the bond formed • What do we mean by 5’ and 3’ ends of DNA? • How is this terminology used to describe how the chain is built?

  3. 3.1 Nucleic Acids are Informational Macromolecule • Compare and contrast the structure and function of DNA and RNA • Describe how complimentary base pairing works. • Who pairs with who and why?

  4. 3.1 Nucleic Acids are Informational Macromolecule • Describe the flow of information that occurs in the following • Replication • Transcription • Translation • Describe the relationship between a gene and a protein

  5. 3.2 Proteins are Polymers with important structural and metabolic roles • Know the roles of proteins in a cell • Diagram and label the structure of an amino acid • What parts are key for condensation? What bond forms? • What part is unique for each amino acid?

  6. 3.2 Proteins are Polymers with important structural and metabolic roles • While you do not need to commit all 20 amino acids or their names to memory, you SHOULD be able to predict the characteristics of an amino acid if shown the structure

  7. 3.2 Proteins are Polymers with important structural and metabolic roles • Differentiate between primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins including relevant shapes, bonds and parts of the amino acids that are involved • Be aware of which of these bonds are strong/weak

  8. 3.2 Proteins are Polymers with important structural and metabolic roles • Why is the 3D shape of a protein significant? • In what specific ways can the environment impact the 3D shape of a protein.

  9. 3.3 Some proteins act as enzymes to speed up biochemical reactions • Review energetics from chapter 2 • Explain all parts of the diagrams below

  10. 3.3 Some proteins act as enzymes to speed up biochemical reactions • Explain how an enzyme catalyzed reaction works • How is the energy barrier lowered? • How is the 3D structure of the protein significant for the function of the enzyme? • Compare the characteristics of coenzymes, cofactors and prosthetic groups

  11. 3.3 Some proteins act as enzymes to speed up biochemical reactions • Describe the relationship between substrate concentration and the rate of a reaction

  12. 3.4 Regulation of metabolism occurs by regulation of enzymes • Why is it necessary for cells to regulate enzymes?

  13. 3.4 Regulation of metabolism occurs by regulation of enzymes • Compare the following mechanisms of regulation • Irreversible inhibition • Reversible inhibition • Competitive • Non-competitive • Feedback inhibition • Allosteric regulation

  14. 3.4 Regulation of metabolism occurs by regulation of enzymes • Explain the specific ways the environment can affect an enzyme and how • pH • Temperature

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