Proteins and Nucleic Acids

1. Proteins and Nucleic Acids Biology I

2. Proteins • Contains nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen • Are made up of monomers called amino acids There are 20amino acids Amino acids join together by peptide bonds Most proteins or amino acids end in (-ine)

3. Proteins • Each amino acid contains an amino group, acarboxyl group, and a R group. • The R group determines the type of amino acid

4. Proteins Functions • Serve as antibodies to protect against diseases • Help to transport substances through the body • Serve as enzymes • Form muscles, skin, hair, bone, ligaments, etc.

5. Level of Organization for Proteins • Amino acids sequence into protein chains. • The amino acids in the chain begin to twist and fold. • The chain itself begins to twist. • If a protein has more than one chain, then each chain will twist around each other.

6. Nucleic Acids • Contains oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus • Are made of monomers called nucleotides • There are two types: DNA and RNA

7. Nucleic Acids • A nucleotide is made up of three parts • Phosphate group • 5 carbon sugar • Nitrogen base

8. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) • is double stranded • Is made up of nucleotides • phosphate group • Deoxyribose (sugar) • Nitrogen base Functions • Stores and sends genetic information

9. RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) • is single stranded • Is made up of nucleotides • phosphate group • Ribose (sugar) • Nitrogen base Function • Makes proteins

10. Nitrogen bases DNA • 4 nitrogen bases • Adenine • Thymine • Guanine • Cytosine • A-TandC-G RNA • 4nitrogen bases • Adenine • Uracil • Guanine • Cytosine • A-U and C-G

11. Nitrogen basescome in two structures • Purines- two ringed nitrogen base • Adenine • Guanine • Pyrimidines- one ringed nitrogen bases • Thymine (Uracil) • Cytosine