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Macromolecules (Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids)

Macromolecules (Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids). By – Nevin Varghese Victor Veras Dapo Adegbile. Carbohydrates. Purpose – used by cells to provide energy

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Macromolecules (Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids)

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  1. Macromolecules (Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids) By – Nevin Varghese Victor Veras DapoAdegbile

  2. Carbohydrates Purpose – used by cells to provide energy Structure – Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with a ratio of about 2 hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom for every carbon atom

  3. Lipids Purpose – Cells use lipids for energy storage, insulation, and protective coverings Structure – Made mostly of carbon, hydrogen, a small amount of oxygen and fatty acids. Also are attached with single bonds and double bonds depending on the lipid Lipids usually have 2 hydrophilic heads and 2 hydrophobic tails

  4. Proteins Purpose – Proteins provide structure for tissues and organs. They also carry out metabolism Structure – Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. They are built from amino acids connected from peptide bonds.

  5. Nucleic Acids Purpose – DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids that are necessary for life Structure – Made up of subunits named Nucleotides. Nucleotides consist of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus atoms. Nucleic acids are mainly made up of 3 groups called the Phosphate, Sugar and Nitrogenous base.

  6. Elements Found in Each Macromolecule

  7. Carbohydrates • Carbohydrates- Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) & Oxygen (O)

  8. Lipids • Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), & Oxygen (O)

  9. Proteins • Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), & Hydrogen (H).

  10. Nucleic Acids • Carbon (C) , Hydrogen (H) , Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), & Phosphorus (P)

  11. Carbohydrates Monomers Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Ratio of about 2 hydrogen atoms & 1 oxygen atom for every carbon atom Types Monosaccharide: simple sugar Disaccharide: two-sugar carbohydrate Polysaccharides: polymers composed of many monosaccharide subunits Lipids Carbon Hydrogen Small amounts of oxygen Types Fats Oils Waxes Steroids Macromolecules

  12. Proteins Monomers Amino acids Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Sometimes Sulfur Types Enzymes Nucleic Acids Monomers Nucleotides Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorous Arranged in 3 groups Nitrogenous base Simple sugar Phosphate group Types DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid

  13. Enzymes • Protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction • Purpose • Enzymes are involved in nearly all metabolic processes • They speed the reactions in digestion of food • Function • Has area called active site that fits the shape of the substrate • When they bind, the enzyme alters its shape • When they react, the enzyme changes the rate of a reaction but does not change the amount of the end product.

  14. http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/26766.php http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/18/science/18obmouse.html?scp=2&sq=proteins&st=cse

  15. What foods each are found in Lipids – found in foods that have fats – Carbohydrates – 2 types of carbohydrates – sugars and starches. Foods with sugars and starches – Nucleic Acids – fruits, vegetables and meats contain nucleic acids Proteins – meats –

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