1 / 21

L ITHUANIAN R ESISTANCE TO S OVIET C ONTROL

L ITHUANIAN R ESISTANCE TO S OVIET C ONTROL. MOMOI & HERMIONE IB2 HISTORY. B ACKGROUND I NFORMATION. Lithuanians has previously protested against Soviets and Nazis in their country History of underground resistance Soviet occupation since end of WWII

roy
Download Presentation

L ITHUANIAN R ESISTANCE TO S OVIET C ONTROL

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. LITHUANIANRESISTANCE TOSOVIET CONTROL MOMOI & HERMIONE IB2 HISTORY

  2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION • Lithuanians has previously protested against Soviets and Nazis in their country • History of underground resistance • Soviet occupation since end of WWII • Post-WWII Lithuanians hoped for self-determination • But they were forgotten... • 1944-1952/3

  3. BACKGROUND INFORMATION • Pre-1950: conventional warfare, called 4 year of strengths • 1950 onwards: guerrilla warfare, 4 years of gradual decline • Forest Brothers • 3 types of fighters – active, inactive, supports

  4. WHAT HAPPENED? • Partisans attack NKVD for geographical control • Soviet istrebiteli program failure • 1945-1947 Partisans try to unify, but fail • 1946 NKVD gets more aggressive • Soviets hold ‘elections’ • 1950 LLSK forms • Passive resistance from 1952 onwards

  5. MOTIVES OF PARTISANS • Nationalism & Roman Catholicism • Former experience with Soviets • Anti-foreign sovereignty of Lithuania • Anti-Sovietisation

  6. MOTIVES OF USSR • Initially: spread communism • Later: Russification

  7. SIGNIFICANT PARTISANS • Movement of Lithuanian’s Struggle for Freedom (LLKS) – 1950 unification • AdolfasRamanaukas (Vanagas) • Jonas Žemaitis (Vytautas) • JuozasLukša (Damantas)

  8. “... Undeniably show that Soviet Lithuania existed. By the way, it is noted in the introductory article, with references to archival materials, that Lithuania’s incorporation into the internal system of the Soviet Union happened rather peacefully.” ValdimirChkhikvadze Russian Ambassador to Lithuania

  9. SIGNIFICANT SOVIETS • Mikhail A. Suslov • General Sergei N. Kruglov

  10. FOREIGN INTERVENTION • Covert • Massive fail • US, UK, Sweden, French intelligence agencies • Operation Jungle compromised • Kim Philby

  11. “Finally, in the general victory the Soviets had control again. Thus the deadly comb ran back and forth, and back again, through Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. There was no doubt however where the right lay. The Baltic States should be sovereign independent peoples.” -Winston Churchill, 1950

  12. COLD WAR & CONTAINMENT • Containment = say what?! • Partisans wanted help from outside, but US and US gave up Baltic region to USSR • Lithuania behind Iron Curtain • Part of USSR

  13. GUERRILLA WARFARE CRITERIA • Knew the land • Ideological and geographical control • Offensive • Support from the community • BUT the Soviets knew how to deal with guerilla warfare

  14. “After the war [World War II ] was over, our whole family, including us six sisters, immediately joined the partisan movement... There were two bunkers in our house. The leader of the partisan movement in Aukštaitija lived in one of them. When I became a messenger for the partisans... my parents constantly were trying to warn me; they knew that I had to join the cause, but they also warned me: try to be careful, don’t get in trouble... My job was to help maintain communications ... I often had to deliver packets. I did not even know what was inside of them; usually I pretended to be a seamstress. I was so scared; often I could not stop trembling.” - VitalijaKraujelyte

  15. OUTCOME • Short term failure • No outside help • Movement faded • Long term success • Sajudis Movement claim to be descendants • Gain independence... Eventually (1991) • Achieved some goals

  16. “The memory of it restored the sense of national self-respectwhich had nose-dived after the annexation of 1940.” - Thomas Lane “...romantic patriotic images of partisans helped keep Lithuanian national pride and dream of ultimate statehood alive.” -World and Its Peoples Europe. 8

  17. WORKS CITED Information Bilocerkowycz, Jaroslaw. "Lithuania." The World Book Encyclopedia. 2012. Print Docalavich, Heather. Lithuania. Philadelphia: Mason Crest Publishers, 2006. Print. "Forest Brothers." Global Museum on Communism. The Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation, 2009. Web. 11 Sept. 2013. <http://estonia.globalmuseumoncommunism.org/estonia/ bios/forest_brothers>. Goode, Stephen. "Partisans." The World Book Encyclopedia. 2011. Print Kaszeta, Daniel J. "LITHUANIAN RESISTANCE TO FOREIGN OCCUPATION 1940-1952." Lituanus 34 (1988): n. pag. Lituanus Foundation, Inc. Web. 11 Sept. 2013. <http://www.lituanus.org/ 1988/88_3_01.htm>. Leskys, Vylius M. "“Forest Brothers” 1945: The Culmination of the Lithuanian Partisan Movement." Baltic Security & Defence Review 11 (2009): 60-86. Baltic Defence College. Baltic Defence College, 2009. Web. 11 Sept. 2013. <http://www.bdcol.ee/files/files/documents/Research/BSDR2009/3_ %20Leskys%20-%20Forest%20Brothers%201945.pdf>. "Lithuania 1944- 1953: Europe's Bloodiest Guerrilla War." VilNews. Ed. AageMyhre. VilNews, 8 Jan. 2011. Web. 12 Sept. 2013. <http://vilnews.com/2011-01-lithuanian-partisan-war>. "Soviet Power in Eastern Europe." BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 10 Sept. 2013. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/ schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/ir2/sovietexpansionineasterneuroperev1.shtml>. Vilasi, Antonella. The History of MI6: The Intelligence and Espionage Agency of the British Government. Google Books. AuthorHouse, 2013. Web. 11 Sept. 2013. <http://books.google.com/ books?vid=ISBN148179681X> Vardys, Stanley. "The Partisan Movement in Post War Lithuania." Slavic Review 22 (1963): 499-522. Jstor. ITHAKA, Sept. 1963. Web. 11 Sept. 2013. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2492495>.

  18. Pictures AdolfasRamanauskas-Vanagas. N.d. Photograph. Pro Deo Et Patria. 12 Apr. 2007. Web. 12 Sept. 2013. <http://www.partizanai.org/failai/html/ramanauskas-vanagas.htm#3>. Beaton, Cecil. Winston Churchill. 1940. Photograph. BBC. BBC. Web. 13 Sept. 2013. <http:// www.bbc.co.uk/history/people/winston_churchill>. Containment. Digital image. Histoforum. Albert Van Der Kaap, n.d. Web. 13 Sept. 2013. <http:// histoforum.net/containment/index.htm>. Demonstration Organized by Sajūdis in Vingis Park, Vilnius. N.d. Photograph. Lituanus. By R. Urbakevičius. Lituanus Foundation, Inc, 23 Aug. 1988. Web. 12 Sept. 2013. <http:// www.lituanus.org/1990_2/90_2_07.htm>. Flag of Lithuania. Digital image. Central Intelligence Agency. Central Intelligence Agency, 22 Aug. 2013. Web. 12 Sept. 2013. <https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ graphics/flags/large/lh-lgflag.gif>. Iron Curtain. Digital image. All Russias. Alex Chubarov, n.d. Web. 12 Sept. 2013. <http:// www.allrussias.com/images/legacy3.gif>. Jonas ŽemaitisVytautas. N.d. Photograph. Pro Deo Et Patria. Web. 12 Sept. 2013. <http:// www.partizanai.org>. JuozasLukšaDaumantas. N.d. Photograph. Pro Deo Et Patria. Web. 12 Sept. 2013. <http:// www.partizanai.org>. Kim Philby. N.d. Photograph. Press Association. The Telegraph. Comp. Neil Tweedie. Telegraph Media Group Limited, 23 Jan. 2013. Web. 12 Sept. 2013. <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/9818727/ Kim-Philby-Father-husband-traitor-spy.htm>. Kruglov. N.d. Photograph. Generals.dk. By IlyaMukhin. Steen Ammentorp. Web. 12 Sept. 2013. <http://www.generals.dk/general/Kruglov/Sergei_Nikiforovich/Soviet_Union.html>.

  19. The Partisans and Their Commanders of GeležinisVilkas (Iron Wolf) Group, Dainava Command. 1948. Photograph. Pro Deo Et Patria. 2007. Web. 12 Sept. 2013. <http://www.partizanai.org/failai/html/ramanauskas-vanagas.htm>. Physical Map of Europe. Digital image. Ezilon Maps. Ezilon, n.d. Web. 12 Sept. 2013. <http:// www.ezilon.com/maps/europe-physical-maps.html>. Suslov-mikhail. N.d. Photograph. Marxists Internet Archive. Marxists Internet Archive, 6 June 2009. Web. 12 Sept. 2013. <http://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/s/pics/suslov-mikhail.jpg>. Quotes Budryté, Dovilé. "“We Didn’t Keep Diaries, You Know”: Memories of Trauma and Violence in the Narratives of Two Former Women Resistance Fighters." Lituanus 57 (2011): n. pag. Lituanus. LituanusFoundation, Inc, Summer 2011. Web. 11 Sept. 2013. <http://www.lituanus.org/ 2011/11_2_05Budryte.html>. Lane, Thomas. Lithuania: Stepping Westward. London: Routledge, 2001. Questia School. Web. 10 Sept. 2013. Langworth, Richard. "Churchill and the Baltic, Part II: 1931-1950.”WinstonChurchill.org. The Churchill Center and Museum at the Churchill War Rooms, London, 22 Mar. 2010. Web. 12 Sept. 2013. <http://www.winstonchurchill.org/support/the-churchill-centre/publications/finest-hour/ issues-37-72/no-53/853-churchill-and-the-baltic-part-ii-1931-1950>. "Lithuanian, Russian Document Preparation Principle Could Be Applied to Relations – Foreign Minister." The Lithuania Tribune. The Lithuania Tribune, 15 Feb. 2013. Web. 12 Sept. 2013. <http://www.lithuaniatribune.com/29664/lithuanian-russian-document-preparation-principle- could-be-applied-to-relations-foreign-minister-201329664/>. Swift, John. "Lithuania: Modern History." World and Its Peoples. 2010. Print

  20. Song "TautiškaGiesmeInstumental." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 23 Dec. 2006. Web. 13 Sept. 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tautiška_giesme_instumental.ogg>. THE END

More Related