ITS Applications in Transportation Management

1. ITS ePrimerModule 3: Application of ITS Technologies in Transportation Management September 2013 Intelligent Transportation Systems Joint Program Office Research and Innovative Technology Administration, USDOT

2. Instructor Mohammed Hadi, Ph.D., P.E. Associate Professor Florida International University Miami, FL, USA

3. Module Purpose • Review of the applications of ITS to the management of transportation facilities • Identify the benefits of these applications • Highlight associated challenges and lessons learned

4. Learning Objectives • Describe existing and emerging Transportation Management Systems (TMS) tools • Explain associated issues • Identify common challenges • Identify lessons learned • Discuss future actions

5. Need for Managing Transportation • Increasing congestion impacts • Increasing constraints on new capacity additions • New capacity does not necessarily resolve congestion Source: “Traffic Congestion and Reliability: Trends and Advanced Strategies for Congestion Mitigation.” Prepared for Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) by Cambridge Systematics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, September 2005.

6. Transportation System Management • Application of advanced strategies and technologies to management • Improve performance (mobility, reliability, safety, environmental impacts) Source: USDOT Integrated Corridor Management Web site (http://www.its.dot.gov/icms/)

7. Basic Functions of TMS Source: Transportation Management Training Module. Consortium for ITS Training and Education (CITE), University of Maryland, CATT, College Park, MD. Accessed November 2012.

8. Need for Information Collection • Performance monitoring • Incident management • System control • Active traffic management • Fleet management • Priorities/preemptions • Modeling/analysis support Source: Neudorff, L.G., J. E. Randall, R. Reiss, R. Gordon, “Freeway Management and Operations Handbook,” Prepared for FHWA, Washington, D.C., September 2003

9. Information Collection Technologies • Point detectors • AVI readers • AVL tracking • Private sector data • CCTV cameras • Environmental sensor stations Source: Jehanian, K., “I-95 Corridor Coalition Vehicle Probe Project.” Presentation made at the USDOT Probe Vehicle Workshop, December 2008.

10. Information Dissemination • Travel time • Transit information • Dynamic speed limit • Lane control • Dynamic pricing • Route guidance • Mode guidance • AMBER/Silver Alerts Source: Neudorff, L.G., J. E. Randall, R. Reiss, R. Gordon, Freeway Management and Operations Handbook. Prepared for FHWA, Washington, DC, September 2003.

11. Information Dissemination Methods • DMS • HAR • Trailblazers • Graphical boards • Kiosks • 511 phone systems • Web sites • Phone apps • In-vehicle systems Source: Neudorff, L.G., J. E. Randall, R. Reiss, R. Gordon, Freeway Management and Operations Handbook. Prepared for FHWA, Washington, DC, September 2003.

12. Information Dissemination Issues • Message content • Message format • Information credibility • Dissemination activation • Device location • Device type Source: Neudorff, L.G., J. E. Randall, R. Reiss, R. Gordon, Freeway Management and Operations Handbook. Prepared for FHWA, Washington, DC, September 2003.

13. Ramp Control • Ramp metering • Ramp closure • Signal control at off-ramps • Freeway-to-freeway connector metering Source: Neudorff, L.G., J. E. Randall, R. Reiss, R. Gordon, Freeway Management and Operations Handbook. Prepared for FHWA, Washington, DC, September 2003.

14. Ramp Metering Strategies • Isolated or coordinated • Pre-timed, traffic responsive, or adaptive • Preferential treatment of HOV, transit, emergency vehicles, or trucks Source: Jacobson, L., J. Stribiak, L.Nelson, and D. Sallman, Ramp Management and Control Handbook. Report No. FHWA-HOP-06-001, Produced for FHWA by PB Farradyne, Washington, DC, January 2006.

15. Ramp Metering Issues • Mainline vs. ramp performance • Impacts on other facilities • Public perception of adverse effects • Public outreach efforts • Coordination with other agencies Source: Jacobson, L., J. Stribiak, L. Nelson, and D. Sallman, Ramp Management and Control Handbook. Report No. FHWA-HOP-06-001, Produced for FHWA by PB Farradyne, Washington, DC, January 2006.

16. Ramp Metering Benefits — MN Study • 9% increase in throughput • 14% decrease in travel time • Travel time reliability improvement • 26% decrease in crashes • Benefit to cost ratio of 15 to 1 Courtesy: Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT)

17. Multimedia Example • Ramp Metering: Signal for Success - Federal Highway Administration Video can be found at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rsvaGXW6moA

18. Managed Lanes • High occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes • High occupancy toll (HOT) lanes • Express toll lanes (ETL) • Truck-only toll (TOT) lanes • Bus lanes • Other special use lanes Source: Managed Lanes—A Primer. Sponsored by FHWA, Washington, DC, August 2008.

19. Managed LaneStrategies and Considerations • Pricing strategies (fixed or dynamic) • Vehicle eligibility • Access control • Enforcement • Public outreach • Modeling and analysis Source: Managed Lanes—A Primer. Sponsored by FHWA, Washington, DC, August 2008.

20. Multimedia Example • FDOT 95 Express video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1VzpFcfU78 Courtesy: Florida Department of Transportation

21. Other Active Traffic Management • Variable speed limit • Queue warning • Lane control • Reversible lanes • Hard shoulder running • Bus-on-shoulder Source: Fuh, C., Synthesis of Active Traffic Management: Experiences in Europe and the United States. Publication # FHWA-HOP-10-031, Prepared for FHWA by Parsons Brinckerhoff, Washington, DC, March 2010.

22. Arterial Systems • Signal systems • Bus priority • Emergency vehicle preemption • Rail-road crossing preemption • Parking information • System/equipment monitoring Source: “Planning for Success: Applying Systems Engineering to ASCT Implementation.” Presentation by Eddie Curtis, FHWA Office of Operations/Resource Center.

23. Signal Operations • Updates based on: • Performance measurements • Operational objectives • Signal timing • Manual • Optimization tools • Fine-tuning   Source: Koonce, P., L. Rodegerdts, K. Lee, S. Quayle, S. Beaird, C. Braud, J. Bonneson, P. Tarnoff, and T. Urbanik, “Traffic Signal Timing Manual.” Produced for FHWA, Contract No. DTFH61-98-C-00075, Task Order No. B98C75-009, Washington, DC, June 2008.

24. Multimedia Example • The Southwestern Pennsylvania Commission - before and after videos of signal retiming: • http://www.spcregion.org/trans_ops_traff_vids.shtml

25. Multimedia Example • Coordinating traffic signals video: (http://www.marc.org/transportation/ogl/video.htm)

26. Advanced Signal Control Strategies • Traffic responsive control - initially proposed • Adaptive signal control technology • FHWA Model Systems Engineering Document for ASCT

27. Multimedia Examples • Santa Clara County adaptive signal timing video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=doXpCB3_nDA

28. Preemption at Railroad Crossing • Clear queues backing to tracks • Prevent spillback to adjacent intersections • MUTCDrequires preemption within 200' of track • Longer distance may be necessary Source: Skehan, S., “Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Preemption Seminar Sacramento.” California, October 10–11, 2007.

29. Emergency Vehicle Preemption (EVP) • Improve response time, safety, and stress levels • Selection of supporting technology • Selection of EVP locations • Routing EV around congestion Source: Koonce, P., L. Rodegerdts, K. Lee, S. Quayle, S. Beaird, C. Braud J. Bonneson, P. Tarnoff, and T. Urbanik, Traffic Signal Timing Manual. Produced for FHWA, Contract No. DTFH61-98-C-00075. Task Order No. B98C75-009, Washington, DC, June 2008.

30. Transit Signal Priority (TSP) • Active TSP approaches • Early green, green extension, phase insertion, phase rotation • Passive TSP • Queue jumpers • Full bus lanes on arterials • Bus-on-shoulders • Transit on managed lanes Source: Smith, H., B. Hemily, M. Ivanovic, Transit Signal Priority (TSP): A Planning and Implementation Handbook. Prepared for the United States Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, May 2005.

31. Integrated Corridor Management (ICM) •  Information sharing and coordination between agencies • Improvement of operational efficiency based on coordinated operation • Promotion of cross-network shifts • Planning for operations

32. USDOT ICM Program • Practice review • Initial feasibility research • Technical guidance • Analytic tools and methods • Modeling, demonstration, and evaluation of ICM approaches

33. Transportation Management Centers (TMC) • Focal point of transportation management systems • Focal point of coordinating with and communicating with other agencies Courtesy of Florida Department of Transportation

34. TMC Classifications • Freeway Management Centers • Traffic Signal System Centers • Transit Management Centers • Multijurisdictional/Multimodal TMCs Source: Neudorff, L.G., J. E. Randall, R. Reiss, R. Gordon, Freeway Management and Operations Handbook. Prepared for FHWA, Washington, DC, September 2003.

35. Multimedia Example • Videos describing Florida Department of Transportation TMC Software Statewide deployment: • http://www.itsa.wikispaces.net/file/view/SUNGUIDE1.mp4, ttp://www.itsa.wikispaces.net/file/view/SUNGUIDE2.mp4, and http://www.itsa.wikispaces.net/file/view/SUNGUIDE3.mp4 Courtesy of Florida Department of Transportation

36. Center-to-Center Coordination • Sharing of information such as during events • Coordinated strategy • Coordinated control (e.g., signal control in adjacent jurisdictions) Source: Neudorff, L.G., J. E. Randall, R. Reiss, and R. Gordon, Freeway Management and Operations Handbook. Prepared for FHWA, Washington, DC, September 2003.

37. Multijurisdictional/Multimodal TMCs • Seamless travel information across jurisdictional boundaries • More effective and integrated management • Cost savings • Improved working relationships • Need formal agreement Source: Information Sharing Guidebook for Transportation Management Centers, Emergency Operation Centers, and Fusion Centers. Prepared for FHWA, Washington, DC, June 2010.

38. TMS Device Maintenance • Preventive maintenance • Responsive maintenance • Emergency maintenance • Continuous funding is a main issue Courtesy Schneider Electric (formerly Telvent)

39. Transportation Data • Performance measurements • Planning for operations • Decision support tools • Predictive modeling • Impact assessment • Modeling and operational analysis Courtesy: Florida Department of Transportation

40. Transportation Data Issues • Resources and funding • Central warehouse vs. virtual warehouse • Data quality • Data fusion • Adequate documentation • Accessibility • Maintainability • Ease of use Courtesy: Florida Department of Transportation

41. USDOT Data Capture Program • Support acquisition and provision of integrated, multisource data • Enable the development of data environments Source: USDOT RITA Web site (http://www.its.dot.gov/)

42. Connected Vehicles (CV) • Detailed probe data (type, quality, and quantity) • Communication between TMC, drivers, and vehicles • Better analysis of performance and responses Source: USDOT RITA Web site (http://www.its.dot.gov/data_capture/data_capture.htm)

43. Connected Vehicle- Example Applications • Integrated Corridor Management (ICM) • Weather-responsive management • Signal control • Signal information dissemination • Priority and preemption • Active traffic management • Automated highway applications Source: USDOT RITA Web site (http://www.its.dot.gov/)

44. Summary • TMS strategies contribute significantly to improving mobility, reliability, safety, transportation security, and emergency response • TMS contributions will increase in the coming years as the available technologies and associated strategies continue to advance • Connected vehicle-highway technologies offer the potential for significantly enhancing all processes of TSM&O

45. Questions • What are the four basic functions of transportation management? • Give examples of freeway management and arterial management applications. • What are the types of surveillance systems and which type is required for ramp metering? • List two issues associated with DMS applications and two issues associated with ramp metering. • Is it true that adaptive signal control is expected to provide benefits under all conditions? • List the benefits of emergency vehicle preemption. • Discuss issues associated with data archiving. • Give examples of potential connected vehicle applications in TMS.