In Ancient Egypt, Pharaohs were worshipped as Gods.

1. SSWH1: The student will analyze the origins structures, and interactions of complex societies in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean from 3500 BCE to 500 BCE.

2. Located in the Fertile Crescent between the Persian Gulf and Mediterranean Sea, the Mesopotamians developed Hammurabi’s Code, one of the first detailed sets of laws.

3. In Ancient Egypt, Pharaohs were worshipped as Gods.

4. Zoroastrians were one of the first Monotheistic religions and influenced Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

5. The Phoenicians were known for their extensive trade networks and their alphabet

6. Hieroglyphics and Cuneiform were some of the earliest forms of writing. Cuneiform Hieroglyphics

7. SSWH2 The student will identify the major achievements of Chinese and Indian societies from 1100 BCE to 500 CE.

8. The Maurya Empire and Gupta Empire in India developed Indian civilization.

9. Both Hinduism and Buddhism emerged in India. Buddhism spread North into China. Hinduism Buddhism

10. Zhou and Qin Dynasties began the Chinese series of dynasties. • Qin She Huangdi built an elaborate tomb with soldiers to protect him.

11. Confucianism became an important philosophy in China. • Emphasized the importance of family and the father. • Promoted the idea of a civil service examination for government officials.

12. Geography played a very important role in Indian History. Pay attention to the major physical features.

13. SSWH3 The student will examine the political, philosophical, and cultural interaction of Classical Mediterranean societies from 700 BCE to 400 CE.

14. Athens focused more on democracy, education, and art while Sparta focused on the military.

15. Greek philosophy influenced both Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar.

16. Alexander the Great spread Hellenism in all the areas he conquered.

17. Both the Greeks and Romans were polytheistic until Christianity spread to those areas in the 3rd century

18. Rome fell in the 5th century as a result of invasions from Germanic tribes.

19. SSWH4 The student will analyze the importance of the Byzantine and Mongol empires between 450 CE and 1500 CE.

20. The Byzantine Empire under Justinian briefly recaptured much of the Roman Empire and lasted another 1000 years.

21. The Byzantine Empire influenced the early Russian Empire. Constantinople became an important cultural center. Tsar Ivan III (the Great) Constantinople

22. The Western Church (Roman Catholic) and Eastern Church (Eastern Orthodox) split in 1054 because of disagreements over the use of Icons and who was head of the Church.

23. Genghis (Chinggis) Khan conquered much of Eurasia and set up the Mongol Empire.

24. The Byzantine Empire ended in 1453 when Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks

25. SSWH5 The student will trace the origins and expansion of the Islamic World between 600 CE and 1300 CE.

26. Islam began in 632 with the teachings of Muhammed.

27. Islam spread along the major trade routes of the Arabs.

28. Sunni and Shi’a split Islam because of a dispute between who is the leader of Islam.

29. Ibn Battuta was a major explorer who spread Islam to Africa and Eastern Asia.

30. The Crusades began in 1096 and lasted over 200 years. Christians fought Muslims for control of the “Holy Land”.

31. Judaism, Christianity and Islam are all monotheistic religions with common prophets and basic ideas.

32. SSWH6 The student will describe the diverse characteristics of early African societies before 1800 CE.

33. The Bantu Migrations spread culture and economic activities to central and southern Africa.

34. Sundiata and Mansa Musa were African Muslim leaders. Sundiata Mansa Musa

35. Elaborate trading networks developed across the Sahara to trade mainly salt and gold.

36. Religious syncretism blended traditional African beliefs with new ideas from Islam and Christianity.

37. Africa’s geographical features play an important role regarding trade routes, distribution of resources, and spread of culture.

38. SSWH7 The student will analyze European medieval society with regard to culture, politics, society, and economics.

39. Charlemagne helped develop the feudal system in Europe.

40. The Middle Ages was a constant battle between Kings and Popes over power. • Pope Gregory VII declares Interdict on King Henry IV (Holy Roman Emperor).

41. The Church dominated the lives of common people during the Middle Ages and had supreme power.

42. Medieval Trade routes led to the development of towns in Europe

43. SSWH8 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the development of societies in Central and South America.

44. The Olmecsand Mayans were early civilizations in Central and South America Olmecs Mayans

45. The Aztecs and other pre-Columbian civilizations practiced human sacrifice. Aztec Incan

46. SSWH9 The student will analyze change and continuity in the Renaissance and Reformation.

47. The European Renaissance began in Florence Italy.

48. Leonardo da Vinci is an example of a “Renaissance Man”.

49. Erasmus believed in the idea of Humanism or the potential of man.

50. Martin Luther started the Protestant Reformation in 1517 when he challenged the Church over the issue of Indulgences.