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Chapter 2 Notes. Properties of Matter 2.2 lbs = 1 kg 1 kg = 9.8 N. Density Video (buoyancy). Video #6. I. General Properties of Matter video #7. *Matter: anything that has mass and volume -General properties of matter include mass, weight, volume, and density. A. Mass.
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Chapter 2 Notes Properties of Matter 2.2 lbs = 1 kg 1 kg = 9.8 N
Density Video (buoyancy) Video #6
I. General Properties of Mattervideo #7 *Matter: anything that has mass and volume -General properties of matter include mass, weight, volume, and density.
A. Mass *amount of matter in an object(constant) *measure of the inertia of an object. *Inertia: resistance to change in motion.
B. Weight *response of mass to the pull of gravity(not constant) *Gravity: force of attraction between objects. -Metric unit of weight is the Newton(N). Ex:
C. Volume *amount of space an object takes up.
D. Density -Ex: p48 -Density of water is 1g/ml. *Specific gravity: ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water.
II. Phases of Mattervideo #5 *Physical properties: can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. Ex’s: -Four phases of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. p70-73 http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/character.html
A. Solid -definite shape and definite volume. *Crystal: particles arranged in a regular, repeating pattern. *Crystalline solids: made up of crystals. *Amorphous solids: lose their shape under certain conditions.
B. Liquids -take the shape of their container. -No definite shape, but definite volume. http://www.pixable.com/article/water-balloons-bursting-in-slow-motion-video/ *Viscosity: resistance of liquid to flow.
C. Gases pp88 -no definite shape, or definite volume. *Boyle’s Law: vol decreases, pressure increases. -P1 V1 = P2 V2 -varies inversely -graph ex: http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/aboyle.html
*Charles’s Law: temp increases, vol increases. - T1 V2 = T2 V1 -varies directly -graph ex: http://physics.gac.edu/~mellema/Aapt2001/Charles'%20Law.htm
Boyle’s and Charles Law: Examples • http://www.chem.uiuc.edu/webFunChem/BoylesLaw/BoyleIndex.htm • http://www.chem.uiuc.edu/webFunChem/CharlesLaw/CharlesIndex.htm
D. Plasma -Stars have matter in the plasma phase. -very high in energy. Video #8
III. Phase Change -Phase change by adding or taking away nrg. -Phase changes in matter: 1. melting 2. freezing 3. vaporization 4. condensation 5. Sublimation 6. Deposition *Physical Change: change in phase ex: pp74-77
A. solid - liquid *Melting: *Melting point: *Freezing: *Freezing point:
B. liquid - gas *Vaporization: liquid to a gas *Evaporation: *Boiling: *Boiling Point: *Condensation: gas to liquids
C. solid - gas *Sublimation: solid to gas ex: dry ice *Deposition: gas to solid ex: frost
D. heat, temp, and phase chng -Phase changes are accompanied by increases in heat nrg but not by increases in temp. - Figure 13 p77 http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/Gas.html
IV. Chemical Properties and Changes *Chemical properties: substance changes into other new substances. 1. Flammability 2. Ability to support burning
-Chem property describes a substance’s ability to change into a diff subst. -Chem chng : process by which the substance chngs. *Chem Rxn: chem. Chng -produces new subst with new and diff phys and chem. properties.