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What Happens in Book Three?

In Book Three of Virgil's Aeneid, Aeneas continues his narration of his journey and the Trojans' search for a new home. This text analyzes key events, speeches, and the character of Dido.

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What Happens in Book Three?

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  1. What Happens in Book Three? In Book Three, Aeneas continues telling the story of how he came to be in Dido’s court in Carthage. He outlines the Trojans seven years of wandering across the Mediterranean, looking for the place that they are destined to settle in. Their journey is shown below.

  2. Book Four The Tragedy of Dido

  3. A Sister’s Advicepgs.97-98 • What advice does Anna give Dido in this conversation? For what reasons does she give this advice? • What else does Dido reveal about herself in this conversation?

  4. Juno’s Scheme(pgs 100-101) • How does Juno show sarcasm in her first words to Venus? • What offer does she make to Venus? • Why is Venus suspicious? To whose authority does she ask Juno to appeal? • What (in 1-2 sentences) is Juno’s plan? • Why does Venus agree to the plan?

  5. The ‘Marriage’ of Aeneas and Dido (pgs.101-102) Right: Dido shows Aeneas around Carthage. Below: The day of the hunt. 1. Who has organised this ‘marriage’ and why? 2. How does Virgil show his disapproval in his description of the union between Aeneas and Dido in the cave?

  6. Aeneas’ Decision to Leave (pgs.103-110) • The plot is pushed along by a series of speeches from gods and mortals. Your task is to rewrite these speeches in plain English, in less than 30 words each. • The African King Iarbas (p.103-4) • Jupiter (p.104) • Mercury (p.105) • Dido (p.106) • Aeneas (p.107-8) • Dido (p.108-9) • Dido (p.110)

  7. The African King Iarbas (p103-4) Jupiter (p.104)

  8. Mercury (p.105) Dido (p.106)

  9. Aeneas (pgs.107-8) Dido (pgs.108-9 and p.110)

  10. Dido’s Curse (p.116) “From then onwards shall you, my Phoenicians, torment with acts of pursuing hate all his descendants to come, each member of his line.” (Dido, p.116) • Refer to the handout called ‘Carthage: Historical Background’ • How does this show Dido’s curse ‘coming true’? • Which famous Carthaginian is Dido’s ‘Avenger’? What did he do? • How did Rome’s conflict with Carthage end?

  11. The Death Of Dido 1. What options other than death does Dido debate “with herself in her fiery brain”? (p.113-4) • 2. Essay Task: Who is responsible for Dido’s death? • Write 400-600 words on this. Choose from the following: • Aeneas • Dido • Juno • Venus / Cupid • Jupiter ‘Who Said That?’

  12. IMAGERY IN BOOK 4 Explain the following images that appear in Book IV 3. The personification of Rumour (p.102) 2. The god Apollo (p.101) 1. A doe pieced by a shepherd’s arrow. (p.99) 4. A ‘Bacchanal’ (devotee of the god Bacchus) (p.106) 5. A strong oak tree (pg. 110-1) 6. Ants storing up food for the winter (p.109) 7. Stories of Madness (p.111) – Pentheus + Orestes, son of Agamemnon

  13. The Character of Dido – Book Four List aspects of Dido’s character that are revealed in Book IV, giving evidence to back up each aspect. Essay Planning Task – Compare Dido’s character in Book IV with how she is portrayed in Book I.

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