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Plant and Animal Adaptations for Environmental Survival: Bright Sunlight, Drought, Cold Weather & Predation

Learn about the various adaptations that plants and animals possess to survive in different environmental conditions such as bright sunlight, drought, cold weather, and predation.

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Plant and Animal Adaptations for Environmental Survival: Bright Sunlight, Drought, Cold Weather & Predation

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  1. Warm-Up What is an adaptation?

  2. Plants and animals possess adaptations to survive in a wide variety of environmental conditionsAdaptation – an INHERITED characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment. Plant and Animal Adaptations

  3. Bright Sunlight/Hot Weather • What is a stomata?

  4. Bright Sunlight/Hot Weather Is it best for the plant to open its stomata during the day or at night?

  5. Bright Sunlight/Hot Weather • AT NIGHT! This way, plants lose less water through transpiration if they open the stomata at night!

  6. Bright Sunlight/Hot Weather • What is a waxy cuticle?

  7. Bright Sunlight/Hot Weather Would it be good or bad for a plant to have a waxy cuticle on its leaves?

  8. Bright Sunlight/Hot Weather • GOOD! The waxy cuticle helps keep water in the leaves.

  9. Bright Sunlight/Hot Weather • Would it be better for a plant to have small leaves or large leaves?

  10. Bright Sunlight/Hot Weather • SMALL LEAVES This reduces the water lost through transpiration.

  11. Bright Weather/Hot Sunlight • Is it best for an animal to be nocturnal (asleep during the day and awake at night) OR diurnal (awake during the day and asleep at night?

  12. Bright Weather/Hot Sunlight • Nocturnal behavior Animals are more active when it is cooler.

  13. Bright Weather/Hot Sunlight • Is it good for animals to have large ears or small ears?

  14. Bright Sunlight/Hot Weather • Large ears with many blood vessels Animals can lose heat through their ears.

  15. Drought (limited water) • Is it good to for a plant to have small, narrow spreading roots or wide spreading roots?

  16. Drought (limited water) • Wide spreading roots They can collect water from a wider area.

  17. Drought (limited water) • Is it better for a plant to have deep roots or shallow roots?

  18. Drought (limited water) • Deep roots They can collect water stored deep in the soil

  19. Drought (limited water) • Would it be good for plants to have the ability to store water?

  20. Drought (limited water) • YES!- Ability to store water They can take on water during rains and use it when there is a drought.

  21. Drought (limited water) • Would it be good for animals to have the ability to store water?

  22. Drought (limited water) • YES!- Ability to store water They can collect water when it is available and use it during a drought.

  23. Drought (limited water) • Would it be best for an animal to migrate or stay in one place?

  24. Drought (limited water) • MIGRATION! The animals move around from place to place to find water.

  25. Cold Weather • Is it better for plants to have narrow, needle-like leaves or broad, large leaves?

  26. Cold Weather • Narrow, needle-like leaves These reduce water loss and help shed snow quickly.

  27. Cold Weather • Would it be good for trees to have thin bark?

  28. Cold Weather • NO! THICK bark protects the cells from freezing in cold temperatures.

  29. Cold Weather • Why is it good for plants to have the ability to lose leaves?

  30. Cold Weather • This keeps the trees from losing water in the winter.

  31. Cold Weather • What size do the plants tend to be and do they live alone or in clumps?

  32. Cold Weather • Plants tend to be SMALL and live in clumps. Staying close to the ground and to each other provides warmth.

  33. Cold Weather • Do the leaves of plant tend to be light or dark?

  34. Cold Weather • Dark Leaves This helps the plant absorb more solar heat.

  35. Cold Weather • Do animals hibernate in cold weather?

  36. Cold Weather • Yes! - HIBERNATION Animals sleep during colder months.

  37. Cold Weather • Do animals migrate or stay in the cold environment?

  38. Cold Weather • Migration Animals move to warmer climates during cold weather.

  39. Cold Weather • Why do animals have thick, furry feet?

  40. Cold Weather • Provides insulation to keep animals warm.

  41. Predation • Are spines a good thing for a plant to have to avoid predators?

  42. Predation • Of course! Spines make the plant harder (and less desirable) to eat.

  43. Predation • Would poisonous leaves or edible leaves be good for a plant to avoid predation?

  44. Predation • Poisonous leaves This reduces the chance of predation.

  45. Predation • Would it be best to live in herds or live alone?

  46. Predation • Living in herds Predators have a harder time isolating a “victim”

  47. Predation • Is it good for animals to have poisonous skin?

  48. Predation • YES! – Poisonous Skin Reduces the chance of predation

  49. Limited Light • Is it good for a plant to have broad leaves or narrow leaves?

  50. Limited Light • Broad leaves Allow for collection of as much light as possible (high surface area)

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