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Trypanosomes - Protists

Trypanosomes - Protists. Trypanosomiasis in Africa. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense , causes chronic infection lasting years, and affects countries of western and central Africa

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Trypanosomes - Protists

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  1. Trypanosomes - Protists

  2. Trypanosomiasis in Africa Trypanosoma brucei gambiense , causes chronic infection lasting years, and affects countries of western and central Africa Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense , causes acute illness (much worse) lasting several weeks in southern and eastern Africa.

  3. Millions of square kilometers of Africa are home to the tsetse fly, vector of trypanosomiasis: Uganda Kenya Tanzania Malawi Ethiopia Zaire Zimbabwe Botswana

  4. Tsetse Fly(the vector)

  5. The parasite that causes sleeping sickness is called the Trypanosome

  6. Life Cycle

  7. What are the symptoms of African trypanosomiasis? • personality change • weight loss • irritability • loss of concentration • progressive confusion • slurred speech • seizures • difficulty walking and talking • sleeping for long periods of the day • insomnia at night

  8. Winterbottom's sign - Swollen lymph nodes along back of neck in child with early trypanosomiasis

  9. How can African trypanosomiasis be prevented? • There is no vaccine or recommended drug available to prevent African trypanosomiasis. • Wear protective clothing made of thick • material. • Wear khaki, olive, or other neutral-colored clothing. Tsetse flies are attracted to bright and dark contrasting colors.

  10. Use bednets when sleeping. • Inspect vehicles for tsetse flies before getting into them. • Avoid riding in the back of jeeps, pickup trucks, or other open vehicles. Tsetse flies are attracted to the dust created by moving vehicles and animals. • Avoid bushes. During the hottest part of the day, the tsetse fly will rest in bushes, but will bite if disturbed.

  11. Sleeping sickness generally occurs in remote, rural areas where health systems are weak or non-existent. • The disease spreads in poor settings. Displacement of populations, war and poverty are important factors leading to increased transmission.

  12. Trypanosomiasis in the Americas

  13. Chagas Disease: • In Mexico, Central America, and South America, a different trypanosome, T. cruzi, causes Chagas disease. This parasite is transmitted not by mosquitos but by a different type of blood-sucking arthropod, Triatoma infestans :

  14. Triatomines nest in roofs and ceilings of mud, adobe, straw, and palm thatched houses. Triatomines glide down upon sleeping humans. • Because they tend to feed on people’s faces, triatomine bugs are also known as “kissing bugs.”

  15. Life Cycle

  16. Triatoma infestans, a blood sucker, it needs blood meals to pass through five instar stages to become an adult when it grows wings, and reproduces.

  17. The acute phase lasts for the first few weeks or months • fever, fatigue, body aches, headache, rash, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and vomiting. • The most recognized marker is Romaña's sign, swelling of the eyelids on the face near the bite where the bug feces were accidentally rubbed into the eye • Although the symptoms resolve, the infection, if untreated, persists

  18. The Chronic phase remains silent for decades or a lifetime.30% of infected develop • cardiac complications (heart problems) • intestinal complications

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