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Electrostatics-review The forces governing all the behavior of molecules and ions in solution can be understoodalmost entirely in terms of classical electrostatics. At a very fundamental level, the Hellman-Feynman theorem assures us that even if we need to calculate the charge distributions quantummechanically, the resulting electrostatic interactions can be determined classically, even down tothe sub-atomic level. The intermolecular or non-bonded interactions we should consider are those between netcharges, dipoles, and apolar (but polarizable) atoms and molecules. The hydrogen bond is alsolargely electrostatic in origin, although the degree of covalent character is still under debate.