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This review explores how classical electrostatics govern the behaviors of molecules and ions in solutions. The Hellman-Feynman theorem highlights that even quantum calculations of charge distributions yield classically determinable electrostatic interactions, even at the sub-atomic level. Emphasizing intermolecular forces like net charges, dipoles, and polarizable atoms, the hydrogen bond's electrostatic origin is discussed. The text addresses topics including electric dipoles, ion-dipole interactions, dielectrics, and polarizability, delving into the essence of electrostatic phenomena at a molecular level.
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Electrostatics-review The forces governing all the behavior of molecules and ions in solution can be understoodalmost entirely in terms of classical electrostatics. At a very fundamental level, the Hellman-Feynman theorem assures us that even if we need to calculate the charge distributions quantummechanically, the resulting electrostatic interactions can be determined classically, even down tothe sub-atomic level. The intermolecular or non-bonded interactions we should consider are those between netcharges, dipoles, and apolar (but polarizable) atoms and molecules. The hydrogen bond is alsolargely electrostatic in origin, although the degree of covalent character is still under debate.
