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Drugs That Weaken the Bacterial Cell Wall I: Penicillins

Explore the classification, impact, and adverse effects of penicillins, including types of allergies and resistance. Learn about narrow, broad, and extended spectrum penicillins. Discover how these antibiotics rupture bacterial cells, causing bactericidal effects.

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Drugs That Weaken the Bacterial Cell Wall I: Penicillins

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  1. Chapter 80 Drugs That Weakenthe Bacterial Cell Wall I:Penicillins

  2. Drugs That Weaken the Bacterial Cell Wall: Penicillins • Penicillins • Weaken the cell wall, causing bacteria to take up excessive water and rupture • Bactericidal • Bacterial resistance • Inability of penicillins to reach their target • Inactivation of penicillins by bacterial enzymes

  3. Classification of Penicillins Penicillins • Narrow spectrum • Pencillinase sensitive • Narrow spectrum • Pencillinase resistant • Broad spectrum • Extended spectrum

  4. Penicillin G (Benzylpenicillin) • Four forms • Sodium penicillin • Potassium penicillin • Procaine penicillin • Benzathine penicillin • Adverse effects • Allergy—penicillins are the most common cause of drug allergy

  5. Penicillin Allergy • Types • Immediate (2 to 30 minutes) • Accelerated (1 to 72 hours) • Late (days or weeks) • Anaphylaxis – Laryngeal edema – Bronchoconstriction – Severe hypotension

  6. Penicillin Allergy (cont.) • Treatment • Epinephrine • Respiratory support • Prevention—skin testing

  7. Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins • Four agents • Nafcillin • Oxacillin • Cloxacillin • Dicloxacillin

  8. Broad Spectrum Penicillins (Aminopenicillins) • The aminopenicillins consist of three agents • Ampicillin • Amoxicillin • Bacampicillin • Adverse effects • Rash • Diarrhea

  9. Extended Spectrum Penicillins (Antipseudomonal Penicillins) • The extended spectrum penicillins consist of four agents • Ticarcillin • Carbenicillin indanyl • Mezlocillin • Piperacillin

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