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Load Flow Studies Eng. Edvan Moyo BEng, MEng, MBA

Load Flow Studies Eng. Edvan Moyo BEng, MEng, MBA. www.kgrtc.org.zm. info@kgrtc.org.zm. Expectations. Objective. Partcipants should be able to understand and appreciate the importance of load flow studies and the practical application of the studies. Learning Outcomes.

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Load Flow Studies Eng. Edvan Moyo BEng, MEng, MBA

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  1. Load Flow Studies Eng. Edvan Moyo BEng, MEng, MBA www.kgrtc.org.zm info@kgrtc.org.zm

  2. Expectations

  3. Objective • Partcipants should be able to understand and appreciate the importance of load flow studies and the practical application of the studies.

  4. Learning Outcomes • At the end of the presentation, participants will be able to: • Understand the purpose of load flow studies • Know the equations used in load flow studies • Know the practical application of load flow studies • Carry out a basic load flow simulation

  5. Content • Introduction • Power Flow Useful Information • The Load Flow Equation • Number of Variables-Number of Equations • Power Flow Specifications: An Example • Practical Application and Simulations

  6. Introduction • Load flow studies are also known as power flow studies • Most common and important tool in power system analysis • Why carry out power flows? • Used for: -operation of power systems -controlling of power systems -planning for future expansions -performance of the system

  7. Introduction • It allows the engineer to investigate the performance of the network under a variety of outage conditions • Numerical computation are performed by means of an iterative methods; some of the commonly used methods are: -The Gauss-Seidel Method -The Newton-Raphson Method -The Fast Decoupled Load Flow

  8. Power Flow Useful Information • A load flow analysis allows identification of: -real and reactive power flow -network losses: too high? -Voltages: too high or too low? -current flow -Power factor -Overload on lines? In the network with arbitrary number of buses and branches, and with arbitrary topology

  9. Commercially Available Software • Generation and Transmission System Simulations • PSS/E • Etap • DigSilent • Matlab Based • PSAT – open source • Matpower • Electricity Market Simulations • AMES – open source • Powerworld • Distribution Systems Simulation • DigSilent • Etap

  10. The Load Flow Equations • Load Flow calculations can be made by using: -Bus admittance matrix(BAM) or -Bus Impedance matrix(BIM) • However, it is simpler to use BAM approach to the solution of load flow problems. • Bus: is a node at which one or many lines, or where one or more loads and generators are connected

  11. Power flow eq.: Current is replaced by P/Q

  12. Load Flow Eq. Are non linear • In complex form: • Real Variables, Active (P) and Reactive (Q) Power

  13. Number of Variables-Number of Equations.

  14. Number of variables-number of equations • n buses • 2n real equations • 4n variables: 4(P, Q, V, ) • 2n variables specified(must be known) • 2n variables to be calculated from equations

  15. Number of variables-number of equations • At each busbar: 2 variables are specified • 2 out of 4 variables are not specified at each busbar. • There are 6 possible combinations: • P-V • P- • P-Q • Q-V • Q- • V- • Practical combinationa are 1, 3, and 6

  16. Number of variables-number of equations • The following are the three special bus types for load flow studies:

  17. Power Flow Specifications: An Example

  18. Results (Specifications Unchanged)

  19. Practical Application and Simulations • Short circuit studies • Grid integration impact studies • Protection coordination and relay setting verification • Reliability studies • System security and transient stability studies

  20. Thank You

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