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Neural Communication

Explore the groundbreaking work of Ramon y Cajal and Otto Loewi in neural communication, neurotransmitters, and synaptic pathways. Learn about neurotransmitter characteristics, monoamine neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin, and their vital roles in regulating emotions and movement.

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Neural Communication

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  1. Neural Communication

  2. Ramon y Cajal 1852-1934 Sketch of retina (1900) Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906

  3. The Nerve Impulse

  4. Neural Communication

  5. Otto Loewi • Nobel Prize in 1936 • Forced to leave Germany in 1938 • Became US citizen in 1941 • Worked at Woods Hole Institute • Name pronounced as “low”

  6. Loewi’s Experiment KW 5-2

  7. The first known neurotransmitter • acetylcholine • first neurotransmitter identified (by Otto Loewi, 1921) • Movement: causes muscles to contract • Memory: dies in Alzheimer’s disease

  8. Autonomic NT’s KW 5-17

  9. Ach Pathways KW 5-19

  10. Synapse structures KW 5-4

  11. Steps KW 5-5

  12. Step 1

  13. ACh Synthesis Acetylcholine Bonded to form

  14. Step 2

  15. Step 3

  16. Step 4

  17. Step 5

  18. Step 6

  19. Modifying Neural Messages • drug agonists - enhance potency of neurotransmitter • drug antagonists - reduce effectiveness

  20. Neurotransmitter molecule Receiving cell membrane Agonist mimics neurotransmitter Receptor site on receiving neuron Antagonist blocks neurotransmitter Agonist and Antagonists

  21. Pain Killers • Endorphins • natural opiates • natural key • Morphine • Opium poppy • Agonist • Naloxone • Antagonist

  22. Agonist and antagonist

  23. Step 7

  24. Reuptake and breakdown

  25. AChE

  26. Ach and AChE KW 5-11

  27. NT characteristics KW 5-9

  28. Monoamine Neurotransmitters • the catecholamines: • Dopamine • found at substantia nigra and limbic system • regulates emotion & movement • Norepinephrine • found in brain stem and subcortex • regulates emotion, reward, sleep, mood • Epinephrine • Found adrenal glands • may help regulate blood pressure

  29. Catecholamine synthesis KW 5-12

  30. Catecholamines

  31. Catecholamine Pathways KW 5-19

  32. Dopamine pathways Neural Communication

  33. Monoamine Neurotransmitters • Serotonin • found in raphe nuclei in brain stem • regulates temperature, sensory perception and sleep onset • LSD and antidepressants affect serotonin (antidepressants particularly affect serotonin reuptake)

  34. Serotonin

  35. Serotonin Pathways KW 5-19

  36. Neural Communication Serotonin pathways

  37. Drug Effects

  38. Classes of NT

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