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Neural Communication

Neural Communication. Ramon y Cajal. 1852-1934. Sketch of retina (1900). Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906. The Nerve Impulse. Neural Communication. Otto Loewi. Nobel Prize in 1936 Forced to leave Germany in 1938 Became US citizen in 1941 Worked at Woods Hole Institute

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Neural Communication

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  1. Neural Communication

  2. Ramon y Cajal 1852-1934 Sketch of retina (1900) Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906

  3. The Nerve Impulse

  4. Neural Communication

  5. Otto Loewi • Nobel Prize in 1936 • Forced to leave Germany in 1938 • Became US citizen in 1941 • Worked at Woods Hole Institute • Name pronounced as “low”

  6. Loewi’s Experiment KW 5-2

  7. The first known neurotransmitter • acetylcholine • first neurotransmitter identified (by Otto Loewi, 1921) • Movement: causes muscles to contract • Memory: dies in Alzheimer’s disease

  8. Autonomic NT’s KW 5-17

  9. Ach Pathways KW 5-19

  10. Synapse structures KW 5-4

  11. Steps KW 5-5

  12. Step 1

  13. ACh Synthesis Acetylcholine Bonded to form

  14. Step 2

  15. Step 3

  16. Step 4

  17. Step 5

  18. Step 6

  19. Modifying Neural Messages • drug agonists - enhance potency of neurotransmitter • drug antagonists - reduce effectiveness

  20. Neurotransmitter molecule Receiving cell membrane Agonist mimics neurotransmitter Receptor site on receiving neuron Antagonist blocks neurotransmitter Agonist and Antagonists

  21. Pain Killers • Endorphins • natural opiates • natural key • Morphine • Opium poppy • Agonist • Naloxone • Antagonist

  22. Agonist and antagonist

  23. Step 7

  24. Reuptake and breakdown

  25. AChE

  26. Ach and AChE KW 5-11

  27. NT characteristics KW 5-9

  28. Monoamine Neurotransmitters • the catecholamines: • Dopamine • found at substantia nigra and limbic system • regulates emotion & movement • Norepinephrine • found in brain stem and subcortex • regulates emotion, reward, sleep, mood • Epinephrine • Found adrenal glands • may help regulate blood pressure

  29. Catecholamine synthesis KW 5-12

  30. Catecholamines

  31. Catecholamine Pathways KW 5-19

  32. Dopamine pathways Neural Communication

  33. Monoamine Neurotransmitters • Serotonin • found in raphe nuclei in brain stem • regulates temperature, sensory perception and sleep onset • LSD and antidepressants affect serotonin (antidepressants particularly affect serotonin reuptake)

  34. Serotonin

  35. Serotonin Pathways KW 5-19

  36. Neural Communication Serotonin pathways

  37. Drug Effects

  38. Classes of NT

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