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3A.1 Neural Communication

3A.1 Neural Communication. Introduction. Biological psychology Biopsychosocial systems Phrenology – popular but ill-fated theory that claimed bumps on the skull could reveal our mental abilities and our character traits Franz Gall Early 1800s. Biological Psychology.

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3A.1 Neural Communication

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  1. 3A.1 Neural Communication

  2. Introduction Biological psychology • Biopsychosocial systems Phrenology – popular but ill-fated theory that claimedbumps on the skull could reveal our mental abilitiesand our character traits • Franz Gall • Early 1800s

  3. Biological Psychology A branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior. Some biological psychologists call themselves • behavioral neuroscientists, • neuropsychologists, • behavior geneticists, • physiological psychologists, or • biopsychologists.

  4. Neurons Neuron: a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system

  5. Different Types of Neurons Sensory neurons: neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord. - Afferent (nerve impulses from sensory stimuli towards central nervous system & brain Motor neurons: neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands. - Efferent – carry neural impulses away from central nervous system towards muscles – cause movement

  6. Different Types of Neurons Interneurons: neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs. • simple reflexes

  7. Neurons

  8. Neurons • Speed of a neuron impulse • Range from 2 to 200 MPH • Measured in milliseconds • (thousandths of a second)

  9. Neurons • Firing of a neuron • Action potential - a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. • Ions • Positively versus negatively charged • Resting potential • Selectively permeable

  10. Neurons Firing of a neuron • Depolarize • Refractory period • Excitatory (like pushing a neuron accelerator) versus inhibitory • Threshold - a level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse. • All or none response (there is no halfway)

  11. Action Potential

  12. How Neurons Communicate Synapse – junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron sometimes called the Synaptic gap (synaptic clef chemical Neurotransmitters - messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons Reuptake – neurotransmitter’s reabsorption by the sending neuron

  13. How Neurons Communicate

  14. How Neurotransmitters Influence UsHow Drugs and Other Chemicals Alter Neurotransmitters Agonists versus antagonists Agonists – bind toreceptor & mimic effects; producetemporary high byamplifying normalsensationAntagonists – bind to receptors, but their effect is to block a neurotransmitters function ex. Botulin – causes parlysis blocks (Ach) release

  15. Agonists and Antagonists

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