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Substance Abuse

Substance Abuse. The effect of medicine and drugs on the body. The Role of Medicine. Medicines- drugs that are used to treat or prevent diseases or other conditions. Drugs- substances other than food that change the structure or function of the body of mind.

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Substance Abuse

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  1. Substance Abuse The effect of medicine and drugs on the body

  2. The Role of Medicine • Medicines- drugs that are used to treat or prevent diseases or other conditions. • Drugs- substances other than food that change the structure or function of the body of mind. • All medicines are drugs, but not all drugs are medicines (prevent disease, fight pathogens, relieve pain, manage chronic pain)

  3. Preventing Disease • Vaccines- a preparation that prevents a person from contracting a specific disease. • About 95% of children receive vaccines. • Vaccines contain a weakened or dead pathogen that cause disease.

  4. Fighting Pathogens • Antibiotics- these are a class of drugs that destroy disease- causing bacteria. This will help from bacteria from reproducing! • Can cause side effects or allergies. You can also can adapt over time and you can develop a resistance. • When antibiotics are overused • When a patient does not finish a perscription

  5. How medicine can enter the bloodstream • Oral medicine- tablets, capsules, or liquids • Topical medicine- applied to skin, can use a transdermal patch • Inhaled medicine- such as asthma medication that can be a fine mist or powder • Injected medicine- delivered through a shot, so it can be delivered right into the bloodstream

  6. Reactions to Medications • Side effects- reactions to medicine other that the one intended. • Synergistic effect- an interaction of two or more medications that result in a greater effect than when each medicine is taken alone.

  7. Standards of Medication • Prescription medicines- medications that are dispensed only with the written approval of a licensed physician or nurse-practitioner • Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines- medicines that you can buy without a doctor’s prescription

  8. Substance Abuse • Substance abuse- any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances • Illegal drugs- chemical substances that people of any age may not lawfully manufacture • Illicit drug use- the use or sale of any substance that is illegal or otherwise not permitted

  9. Factors that influence Teens • Peer pressure • Family members • Role models • Media messages • Perceptions of drug behavior (how will it make you feel) • Misleading information

  10. How can drugs affect your health? • Physical health- drug use can result in an overdose, or a strong, sometimes fatal reaction to taking a large amount of drugs. • Mental health- drug use may impair a teen’s ability to reason and think. Some drugs can alter the structure and function of the brain. • Social health- drug use can lead to unhealthy relationships, crime, suicide, unintentional injuries.

  11. Other effects of drug use • Addiction- physiological or psychological dependence on a drug.

  12. What is Marijuana? • Most frequently used illicit drug in U.S • Derived from the leaves or flowering buds of the cannabis sativa plant • Usually smoked, but can be mixed with food or drink to induce its effects • Effects can be felt within a few minutes and can last for 3-4 hours • Can vary in potency depending on the source or selection of plant materials

  13. Marijuana cont’d • THC is the chemical that is believed to be responsible for the psychoactive effects of marijuana. • In 1974, the average THC level in marijuana was less than 1%, in 2002, it was over 6%. • 98% of nearly 8,000 offenders sentenced for marijuana crimes were guilty of trafficking.

  14. Impaired short term memory Impaired attention Impaired coordination and balance Increased heart rate Bloodshot eyes Dry mouth Addiction Paranoia Anxiety Impaired learning skills Long term memory difficulties Effects of Marijuana

  15. Medical complications • Chronic cough • Bronchitis • Emphysema • Increased risk of head, neck, and lung cancer • Decrease in testosterone level and lower sperm count in men • Increase in testosterone level in women and increase chance of infertility

  16. Inhalants • Inhalants- substances whose fumes are sniffed or inhaled to give an effect. • Most inhalants depress the CNS • Some can be used to treat asthma, or allergies. • Substances that are used to achieve a high like solvents, glues, varnishes or gasoline can have a fatal result.

  17. Inhalant effects • Glassy stare • Slurred speech • Impaired judgement • Nausea • Coughing • Nosebleeds • Fatigue

  18. Anabolic Steroids • Synthetic substances similar to male sex hormones. • Can result in unnatural muscle growth • Effects include: weight gain, acne, high blood pressure, and liver and kidney failure.

  19. Psychoactive Drugs • Psychoactive drugs can change the functioning of the CNS. • Psychoactive drugs- chemicals that affect the CNS and alter the activity in the brain. • 4 main groups include: stimulants, depressants, opiates, and hallucinogens.

  20. Psychoactive Drugs • Why do you think that psychoactive drugs are classified into groups? • When used correctly, psychoactive drugs can have medicinal value.

  21. Club Drugs • Club drugs are usually found at concerts, clubs, and parties. The are generally disguised in food or drink without the person’s knowledge. • Many club drugs are considered designer drugs, which is a synthetic drug made to imitate the effects of other drugs.

  22. Club Drugs • Ecstasy- stimulant/ hallucinogen • Rohypnol- depressants/ sedative • GHB- depressant • Ketamine- hallucinogen • Meth- stimulant • LSD- hallucinogen

  23. Stimulants • Stimulants- speed up the CNS • Nicotine • Caffeine • Cocaine- highly addictive; white powder • Crack- highly addictive; can be smoked or injected • Amphetamines- highly addictive; used to stay alert

  24. Stimulant effects on body • Stimulant use can lead to: depression, fatigue, paranoia, liver failure, physiological dependence, death.

  25. Depressants • Depressants- slow down the CNS • Barbiturates- sedative; usually cause mood swings, and sleeplessness. • Tranquilizers- used to relieve anxiety, muscle spasms, or sleeplessness.

  26. Hallucinogens • PCP- creates a distorted sense of time, increase muscle strength, violence, and inability to feel pain. • DMX- or “tussin”, is a cough suppressant sold OTC; when used correctly, it is not dangerous. When misused, it can cause paranoia, panic attacks, nausea, and addiction.

  27. Opiates • Derived from opium plants; use for pain management and can only be obtained by prescription • Codeine- highly addictive; used in some prescription cough medicines • Morphine- prescribed to treat severe pain • Oxycodone- used to treat or manage chronic pain; can cause death from respiratory failure.

  28. Healthy Alternative • Hobbies • Sports • Community Activities • School Organizations

  29. Drug Prevention • Drug Free School Zones- areas within 1,000-1,500 ft. of schools within which people caught selling drugs receive especially severe penalties. • Drug Watches- organized community efforts by neighborhood residents to patrol and monitor.

  30. Getting Help • Rehabilitation- process of medial and psychological treatment for physiological or psychological dependence on a drug or alcohol. • Outpatient Treatment • Short-term • Maintenance Programs • Therapeutic communities

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