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Space Exploration Merit Badge April 2003. Vincent Needham Physics Department Kansas State University http://jrm.phys.ksu.edu/Scouts/. Summary of Course. Describe the purpose and operation of a space transportation system, including: Main components Typical flight profiles
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Space Exploration Merit BadgeApril 2003 Vincent Needham Physics Department Kansas State University http://jrm.phys.ksu.edu/Scouts/
Summary of Course • Describe the purpose and operation of a space transportation system, including: • Main components • Typical flight profiles • Payloads and their missions • Review some history of space exploration • Discuss careers in space exploration • How to learn more... • Launch and recover model rockets
First Controlled Powered Flight Orville & Wilbur Wright 10:35 a.m. 17 December 1903 Kitty Hawk, North Carolina 120 feet in 12 seconds!
Basic Rocketry Reaction Action
"Professor Goddard does not know the relation between action and reaction and the need to have something better than a vacuum against which to react. He seems to lack the basic knowledge ladled out daily in high schools." 1921 New York Times editorial "Further investigation and experimentation, have confirmed the findings of Isaac Newton in the 17th century, and it is now definitely established that a rocket can function in a vacuum as well as in an atmosphere. The Times regrets the error." 1969 New York Times retraction
The Space Shuttle (First Launch 12 April 1981) • Manned spacecraft • Orbiter • LH/LOX Main Engines (SSME) • Solid Rocket Boosters (SRB)
Russkiu Sistema Russian Systems • SL-4 Launcher • Soyuz Spacecraft • Progress Ferry • Mir Space Station 1986 - 2001
SL-4/Soyuz Launcher • Old (1963), but… • Reliable • Rugged • Cheap
12 April 1961 Yuri Gagarin Launched on Vostok 1 First Man in Space
Soyuz 3 Cosmonauts Station Rescue Progress Modified, Unmanned Soyuz Supply Ferry for Mir & Station Soyuz & Progress
Flight Controls Payload Systems Flight Deck
Mid-Deck • Crew quarters • Experiments • Supplies • Extended by • SpaceHab Module • SpaceLab
SpaceLab/Space Station Satellites (Delivered & Repaired!) Payloads
Io & Jupiter Hubble Space Telescope • Launched on 24 April 1990 • Shuttle service calls in: • December 1993 • February 1997 • October 1999
Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) Two rovers: Launches: KSC on Delta II 06 June 25 June Landings: Gusev Crater & Miridiani January 2004
SpaceLab • US/European cooperative venture • Similar to Space Station modules • NeuroLab, in April 1998, was the last SpaceLab mission
SpaceHab Gravity Science(Launched 16 Jan, Lost 01 Feb) STS-107/Columbia • Rick D. Husband (Colonel, USAF) • -Cdr, Mechanical Engineering • William C. McCool (Cmdr, USN) • -Pilot, Computer Science • Michael P. Anderson (Lt Col, USAF) • -Payload Cmdr, Physics & Astronomy • David M. Brown, MD (Captain, USN) • -MS1, Biology & Medicine • Kalpana Chawla, PhD • -MS2, Aerospace Engineering • Laurel Blair Clark, MD (Captain, USN) • -MS4, Zoology & Medicine • Ilan Ramon (Colonel, IAF) • -PS1, Elec & Computer Engineering
STS-107 Overview • Science Research • Biology • Medicine • Earth Science • -FREESTAR • -MEIDEX • Physics • -Combustion • Technology
At Work in Orbit Kalpana Chawla and Laurel Clark in the SpaceHab Module
International Space Station • USA • Russia • Europe • Japan • Canada
Mir • Core module launched in 1986 • Phase 1 of the International Space Station • Last visiting U.S. astronaut was Andy Thomas • Final Shuttle-Mir mission was by Discovery on 28 May 1998. • Mir re-entry on 23 March 2001
Station Assembly in 2002 April: STS-110/Atlantis Installs S0 truss segment; station robot arm first used in spacewalking June: STS-111/Endeavour delivers supplies & experiments; 3 spacewalks outfit “railroad”
Station Assembly in 2002 October – STS-112/ Atlantis delivers the S1 Truss and installs it with 3 spacewalks STS-113/Endeavourdelivers the P1 truss and the Expedition 6 crew
At Home on the Station • Astronauts must be safe, happy & productive
ISS Expedition 6 Crew Aboard Nov 2002 – May 2003 • Nikolai Budarin • - Cosmonaut • - Mechanical Eng. • Ken Bowersox, Cdr • - Captain, USN • Mechanical & Aero Engineering • Don Pettit, PhD • - Chemical Eng.
Expedition 7 Crew • Yuri Malenchenko, Cdr (Colonel, RAF) • Edward Lu, PhD EE & Applied Physics Launch: Friday April 2510:54 p.m. CDT Docking: Monday April 28 12:56 a.m. CDT
Zarya Zvezda Unity Destiny
Thermal tiles absorb extreme heat Dead-stick landing Energy management is critical Re-entry & Approach
Landing • KSC is preferred spaceport • Edwards AFB is backup • White Sands, NM used once
STS-107/Columbia Lost 01 Feb 2003 Amateur astronomers’ video image may show wing trouble Columbia breaks up over Texas
Columbia Left Wing Leading Edge Foam probably damaged “T-seal” between RCC panels 8 & 9
Things to Come! • June: • - Launch of two Mars Exploration Rovers - Launch of Europe’s Mars Express & Beagle II • Summer: Release of CAIB report • August: Launch of Space IR Telescope Facility • Fall/Winter: • Return of Space Shuttle to ISS - Flight of Rutan Scaled Composite’s SpaceShipOne - First Chinese manned space flight? • December: Wright Brothers centennial celebrations
Mars or Bust! ESA Mars Express orbiter & Beagle II lander Two NASA/JPL Mars Exploration Rovers