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Ch 14: WWI and Its Aftermath 1914-1920

Ch 14: WWI and Its Aftermath 1914-1920. Section 1: The U.S. Enters WWI. Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy. Hated imperialism Wanted to focus on U.S. internal problems Wanted to ignore the rest of the world outside of the Americas Ex: Mexico, Nicaragua, Haiti, and the

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Ch 14: WWI and Its Aftermath 1914-1920

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  1. Ch 14: WWI and Its Aftermath1914-1920 Section 1: The U.S. Enters WWI

  2. Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy • Hated imperialism • Wanted to focus on U.S. internal problems • Wanted to ignore the rest of the world outside of the Americas • Ex: Mexico, Nicaragua, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic

  3. Factors for Europe Going To War • 1. Alliance System • When countries make agreements to protect each other. • Triple Alliance-Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary vs. • Triple Entente-France, Russia, and Britain

  4. Factors for Europe Going To War • 2. Nationalism • A feeling of intense pride of one’s homeland • European countries wanted to go to war to get more land for their own people (became greedy) • Led to self-determination-different groups within a country wanted their own country • Ex: Serbians in the Balkins

  5. Europe 1914

  6. Serbia’s Desires in Europe • Serbia • Supported by Russia • Hated by Austria-Hungary who limited their growth • Wanted to get Bosnia to join in the new Serbian country but Austria-Hungary took it first.

  7. Archduke Franz Ferdinand • Leader of Austria-Hungary • Visited Bosnia in 1914 • Assassinated by a Serbian supporter as he rode in his car through the streets • Serbia was blamed • July 28, 1914 war was declared

  8. Alliance System Kicks In • Austria-Hungary asked Germany for support • Serbia asked Russia for support • If Russia went to war, France would help Russia • Each country individually could not fight but with support from others became stronger

  9. Germany’s Plan Part 1 • Planned to attack/defeat France quickly and then attack Russia separately • Problem: • To get to France, Germany attacked neutral Belgium. • This made Britain angry, so they joined the war on the side of France

  10. Europe 1914

  11. Alliances Build Up • Allies: • France, Russia, Great Britain, Italy • Central Powers: • Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria

  12. Germany’s Plan Part 2 • Germany failed to capture France on the Western Front • Germany was attacked by Russia forcing the Germans to fight on two fronts

  13. American Viewpoints • President Wilson-America is neutral/staying out of the war • Irish/German immigrants wanted to support Germany • Most other groups supported Britain/France • U.S. Military supported Britain • U.S. public swayed by British Propaganda

  14. American Viewpoints • East coast companies and banks sent $2 billion to the Allies (Britain, France, and Russia) • Midwest companies and banks sent $27 million to Germany • U.S. Secretary of the Treasury limited these loans to Germany • Money was used to buy weapons and support the war effort

  15. Questions • So, can we say that the United States was truly staying neutral in this war??? • What do you think each side will do to the U.S. for giving the other side money???

  16. British Blockade • Britain wanted to limit the supplies into Germany • A blockade was set up • Germany used U-boats (small submarines) to attack this blockade and any ship around Britain

  17. U-Boat Attacks • The U-boats were going to sink any ship, including non-military boats • Americans were outraged at this news • May 7, 1915-a U-boat sank the cruise liner Lusitania. 1,200 people died including 128 Americans

  18. U-Boat Attacks • Americans wanted revenge for the sinking of the Lusitania but the president gave a warning to Germany instead • March 1916, a U-boat sank a French cruise ship, Sussex, injuring many Americans on board • Americans agree again • Sussex Pledge-Germany was afraid for the U.S. to enter the war so they agreed to stop attacking civilian ships.

  19. Zimmerman Note • A German official, Arthur Zimmerman, sent a message to another official in Mexico • Message wanted Mexico to attack the U.S. if the U.S. went to war with Germany • If Germany won the war, it would give Mexico back the land the U.S. took after the Mexican-American War of 1848

  20. Zimmerman Note • British gov’t intercepted the note • Leaked to the U.S. newspapers • Americans angry/wanted war • Germany also started sinking American ships with U-boats again • April 6, 1917 Congress declared war against Germany

  21. Questions • If the U.S. declared war on Germany, who would they have an alliance with??? • If Germany had not sent the Zimmerman Note and attacked U.S. ships, do you think that the U.S. would have entered WWI???

  22. Sources • Textbook: The American Republic Since 1877 • Pictures: Google Images

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