American History Chapter 16: The New Deal

1. American History Chapter 16: The New Deal I. Forging a New Deal

2. Objectives • Explore Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt’s roles in restoring the nation’s hope. • Learn about the major New Deal programs that were created in the first hundred days, and find out about some of FDR’s key players in these programs. • Discover what caused the New Deal to falter. • Review the key goals and accomplishments of the Second New Deal • Interpret the significance of the outcome of the 1936 election.

3. Bell Ringer • Imagine that all members of your household were out of work, had no hope of finding a job, and received no government benefits. • What would you want your government to do? • What are some current government programs that are designed to help families that are out of work? • Page 536

4. A) Restoring the Nation’s Hope • Second Bonus Army – Eleanor calmed them down • FDR spoke in “fireside chats” to the people – restored hope • New Deal: referred to the relief, recovery, and reform programs of FDR’s administration

5. B) The First Hundred Days • Hundred days: Period at the start of FDR’s presidency in 1933, when many New Deal programs were passed by Congress • Bank holiday – closed down all banks – could only re-open if deemed “healthy” by the government – 2/3 were – confidence • Savings increased – loans increased – money into the economy • FDIC – insure bank deposits • Federal Securities Act – business must publish info about finances • SEC – Securities and Exchange Commission – regulate stock market • Devalued the US dollar – made things cheaper – stimulate trade – raise farm prices

6. a) Providing Relief and Creating Jobs • FERA established – Federal Emergency Relief Administration – help poor • Public works programs: government funded projects to build public facilities – create jobs • Civilian Conservation Corps: maintained forests, beaches, and parks (2.5mil) • CWA – Civil Works Administration – roads, parks, and airports (4mil)

7. b) Regulating the Economy • NIRA – National Industrial Recovery Act • NRA – National Recovery Administration created codes to spell out fair business practices • Helped labor • PWA – Public Works Administration – Grand Coulee Dam, Triborough Bridge, and Key West Highway

8. c) Assisting Homeowners and Farmers • HOLC – Home Owners Loan Corporation – refinanced loans at lower interest • Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA): paid subsidies to farmers that cut production • Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA): provided cheap power, flood control, and recreational opportunities in a underdeveloped

9. C) Key Players in the New Deal • FDR had a “brain trust” of people that helped him • Frances Perkins – first women cabinet member – Labor • Mary McLeod Bethune – black women – National Youth Administration (jobs for people 16 – 25) - highest black position during New Deal • Eleanor Roosevelt – traveled for her husband – some thought did too much – most admired her for her political skills, humanity, and idealism

10. D) The New Deal Falters • Programs did not help wide scale • Hoover – worried about increase of government power – socialism • Supreme Court declared NIRA unconstitutional – it could make laws • Also declared the AAA tax unconstitutional

11. E) A Second New Deal • Second New Deal: (Second Hundred Days): more social welfare benefits, stricter controls over business, more support for unions, higher taxes on rich • WPA (Works Progress Administration) – work for 8 mil people • Resettlement Administration and later the Farm Security Administration loaned 1 bil to farmers. • REA – Rural Electrification Administration – brought electricity to farmers • Wagner Act: legalized collective bargaining and closed shops • Closed shops: workplaces open only to union members • Social security systems: OASDI – financial security to people who cannot support themselves

12. F) The 1936 Election • FDR destroyed Republican Alfred Landon 523 – 8 in the electoral college • Showed that the people really really really supported FDR.

13. Review • How did Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt work to restore the nation’s hope? • What major New Deal programs were created in the first hundred days, and who were some of FDR’s key players in these programs? • What caused the New Deal to falter? • What were the key goals and accomplishments of the Second New Deal? • What did the outcome of the 1936 election indicate?