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1820 - 1860

Reform in the United States. 1820 - 1860. Encouraged by the Second Great Awakening. It encouraged people to save their souls through good works. Transcendentalists – encouraged people to question society's rules and expectations Ralph Waldo Emerson – poet (The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere)

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1820 - 1860

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  1. Reform in the United States 1820 - 1860

  2. Encouraged by the Second Great Awakening. It encouraged people to save their souls through good works. • Transcendentalists – encouraged people to question society's rules and expectations • Ralph Waldo Emerson – poet (The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere) • Henry David Thoreau – poet (Walden) and believer in the concept of civil disobedience • Et al Beginnings of Reform

  3. Goal was to abolish slavery William Lloyd Garrison – publisher of the abolitionist paper The Liberator. Frederick Douglass – former slave & publisher of the abolitionist newspaper the North Star. Angelina & Sarah Grimke – southern sisters who became leaders of the anti-slavery movement. Sojourner Truth – former slave & a leader in both the abolitionist & women‘s rights movement. Frederick Douglass William Lloyd Garrison Abolitionism Sarah Grimke Sojourner Truth

  4. Conditions Before the Movement • women could not vote or hold office • Fathers & husbands controlled women's money & property. • Husbands could physically discipline their wives Women’s Rights

  5. Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony Lucretia Mott Women’s Rights - Leaders Abigail Adams Lucy Stone

  6. Women’s rights meeting that takes place in Seneca Falls, New York in July 1848. • Grievances • Women not allowed to vote • No property rights, not even to their own wages • Not allowed to practice professions like law and medicine • Advances achieved • New York gives women control over property & wages • Massachusetts & Indiana pass more liberal divorce laws • Elizabeth Blackwell starts her own hospital • Women eventually given the right to vote Seneca Falls Convention

  7. Conditions before the Reform • Few areas had public schools • Overcrowded schools • Teachers had limited education & little pay • Most children did not go to school • Reforms • New York set up public elementary schools • Massachusetts voted to build better schools, pay teachers higher salaries, & establish training programs for teachers • By 1850 most white boys attended free public schools • Public universities accepted women Education ReformLed by Horace Mann

  8. Conditions before reform • Jail inmates were in chains &d lived in cages. • Children were in jail with adult prisoners. • Mentally ill were treated as prisoners. • Insufficient mental hospitals • Reforms • New asylums were built. • State governments stopped placing debtors in prison. • Special justice systems for children were set up. • Cruel punishment was outlawed. Prison & Mental Health ReformLed by Dorothea Dix

  9. The movement to reduce or eliminate the consumption of alcohol. • It’s abuse was blamed for • Poverty • Break-up of families • Crime • Even insanity • Lyman Beecher & others campaigned for a ban against alcohol, but many Americans resented their efforts. Temperance Movement

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