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Unit 5: The Progressive Era

Explore how Presidents Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson influenced progressive reforms in national policies. Analyze their strategies and impacts on trust-busting, labor laws, consumer protection, and government reforms during the Progressive Era.

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Unit 5: The Progressive Era

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  1. Unit 5: The Progressive Era Ch. 18: Progressivism on the National Stage Essential ?: How well did Presidents Roosevelt, Taft, & Wilson promote progressive goals in national policies?

  2. Objectives • investigate the Essential Question: How well did Presidents Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson promote progressive goals in national policies? • compare and contrast how the presidencies of Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson addressed progressive reforms. • learn and use the Key Content Terms for this chapter.

  3. Preview • Closely examine the political cartoon on the opening page of Chapter 18. Then answer these questions in your notebook (left side): • 1. What are the three most interesting details you see? Label each of them. • 2. What do the lions represent? • 3. This cartoon is titled “The Lion Tamer.” The lion tamer is President Theodore Roosevelt. Based on the cartoon, what might his personality be like? • 4. Does the cartoonist seem to believe that President Roosevelt will be able to control the trusts? • 5. Based on the cartoon, how might the federal government’s power over trusts have changed during Roosevelt’s presidency?

  4. How You Will Take Notes 18.2 Three Progressive Presidents • Title the top of the page “18.2 Three Progressive Presidents” • Cut out one strip of president faces • Create 3 large columns on your page & put the picture of each of the 3 presidents at the top of the column • Next page • Title “18.3 Addressing the Effects of Industrialization” • Next page • Title “18.4 Reforming the National Government”

  5. 18.2: Three Progressive Presidents • Roosevelt (1901 – 1909): • Square Deal regulate big business & protect workers, consumers, & environment (he’s a big outdoors fan) • Taft (1909 – 1913): • Continued reform efforts • Limited power of corporations • Added land to national forest system • Progressives called for lower tariffs (think additional tax on foreign goods) • Why would they want this? • Increases competition b/w US goods & foreign goods causing prices to go down • Taft actually raises taxes & angers progressives • Election of 1912 • Taft = R • Wilson = D • Teddy = Progressive Party (a.k.a Bull Moose Party) • Split of R vote allows Wilson to win • Wilson (1913 – 1921) • New Freedom  wanted to eliminate power of trusts • Transfer power of trusts to small businesses & average citizens • Reduce gov’t corruption • Created Federal Trade Commission

  6. 18.3: Addressing the Effects of Industrialization • Roosevelt  began breaking up trusts/monopolies • Used Sherman Antitrust Act • Pro-big business but against predatory pricing • Broke up what he thought were “bad” trusts • Limited power of RR • Hepburn Act (1906)  fed gov’t to set max rail shipping rates • Taft  carried out 90 lawsuits against trusts • Used Sherman Antitrust Act • Attempted to break up all trusts (good or bad) • Wilson  continued w/ trust busting • Used Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) • Made it harder for trust to form in first place • Protected labor unions from antitrust regulation • Created Federal Trade Commission (1914) • Enforce Clayton Act

  7. 18.3: Addressing the Effects of Industrialization • Roosevelt  worked to protect consumers/workers • Meat Inspection Act • Inspect packaged meat • Pure Food and Drug Act • Test/approve drugs before they go on market • Pushed for better conditions for miners • Taft  worked to protect consumers/workers • Creation of Children’s Bureau • Investigate welfare of children • 8 hr work day for gov’t employees • Wilson  worked to protect consumers/workers • Keating Owen Child Labor Act (1916) • Did not allow companies involved in interstate commerce to hire workers under 14 • 8 hr work day for RR workers

  8. 18.3: Addressing the Effects of Industrialization • Preservation = protection of wilderness from all development • Conservation = limited use of resources • Roosevelt  moderate • Creation of U.S. Forest Service (1905) • Protect forests/natural areas from excessive development • Set aside 150 million acres of national forests • Taft  moderate • Added 2.7 million acres to National Wildlife Refuge System • Wilson  moderate • Created National Park Service • Acceptance of some development for tourism

  9. 18.4: Reforming the National Government • Taft  proposed income tax • 16th Amendment allows for your income to be taxed • Wilson  reformed banking system • Graduated income tax • Pay more in taxes the more you make • Underwood Tariff Act: reduced tariffs (1913) • 17th Amendment (1913) • Direct election of senators by popular vote • Federal Reserve System (the Fed) (1913) • Acts as central bank of U.S. • Lends $ to other private banks • Sets monetary policy to regulate how much is in circulation • Sets interest rates & regulates how much banks can lend **place the diagram on pg. 237 on left side of notes • 18th Amendment (1919) • Prohibition: sale/production/transportation of alcohol is illegal • Political pressure out of the temperance movement • 19th Amendment (1920) • Women’s suffrage • Right to vote cannot be denied based on sex

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