The War Begins

1. Do Now! Fill in your Table of Contents. Have Reading Answers and Vocab Matrix on the corner of desk. Answer the questions from the handout. The War Begins What made the Great War different?

2. Do Now! What would you do?

3. Learning Objectives • Objective #1 • You will be able to describe the role that political rivalries and alliances played in causing World War 1. • Objective #2 • You will be able to describe the role that ethnic conflicts played in causing World War 1.

4. Prior to 1914 • Conditions in Europe that allowed for World War 1 • Nationalism – Deep devotion to one’s nation (group of common people) • Imperialism – Competitive goal of controlling other parts of the world for economic, social, and political power • Militarism – The need to build a stronger and larger army or navy • Alliances – Agreements between countries to help protect and defend each other.

5. Discussion – Gangs/Europe 1914 • Nationalism • Membership cab be based on territory • Membership can be based on race/ethnicity • Membership can be inclusive and exclusive

6. Discussion – Gangs/Europe 1914 • Imperialism • Both wanted to control as much land/territory as possible for the following reasons: • Political Power – be the most powerful and strongest around • Economic Power – Control the resources and trade in as many places as possible (for gangs – drug and weapon trafficking) • Social Power – Control the culture of as much area as possible.

7. Discussion – Gangs/Europe 1914 • Militarism • Both want to have as much armament (weapons) as possible • Both try to increase their amount of soldiers • Both wanted to have such a large army/gang that people were scared to attack them.

8. Discussion – Gangs/Europe 1914 • Alliances • Both have alliances that bring different nations/gangs together. • Both have rivalries that pit them against each other • There is a lot of mistrust between nations/gangs

9. Discussion – Gangs/Europe 1914 • Differences • One had power that was legitimate and one has power that was not legitimate • There was no “police force” in the world in 1914 that worked to control the • There is a lot of mistrust between nations/gangs

10. Answers – Reading #1 • Question #1 • Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy were in the Triple Alliance. • Question #2 • Britain, France, and Russia were in the Triple Entente. • Question #3 • The Slavic minorities, Irish, and Poles were ethnic nationalities that had been unable to create their own nation-state in Europe b 1914. • Question #4 • Militaries were more destructive in 1914 because of largerarmysizes and moreadvancedweapons due to the Industrial Revolution.

11. Crisis in the Balkans

12. Crisis in the Balkans • What’s going on in the Balkans? • By the early 1900s, the Ottoman empire had lost control of much of the Balkan lands (Bosnia, Herzegovina, Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Albania, and Romania). • The Balkans were Slavic people (nationality) as was most of Russia. • Some Balkan lands (like Serbia) were able to create their own nation (with help from Russia) while others (like Bosnia and Herzegovina) were annexed by the Austro-Hungarian Empire (in 1908). • Serbia wanted an all-Slavic state and stirred nationalistic fervor in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

13. Crisis in the Balkans • One very important shot is fired • June 28, 1914, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne and his wife paid a visit the capital of Bosnia. • The heir (Archduke Francis Ferdinand) was killed by a Serbian 19-year-old member of a secret society that was trying to rid Bosnia of Austrian rule. • Austria decided to punish the nation of Serbia for the murder of their future king. • Austria made several demands from Serbia as a response. Serbia wanted an international conference to negotiate these demands. Austria refused to negotiate and declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914.

14. And then the Great War begins • Reaction to Austria’s declaration of war • On the same day Austria declares war on Serbia, Russia mobilized its army for war with Austria to defend Serbia. • Germany had already told Austria that they had Germany’s full support in any war. • Germany gave Russia 12 hours to stop mobilizing the army. Russia did not stop. Germany declared war the day after Austria declared war on Serbia. Now Russia was at war with both Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. • Germany knew that fighting Russia would then create a war with Britain and France (Russia’s allies). The Great War is just getting started.

15. Germany’s Difficult Position • Stuck in the middle. • Geographically, Germany was stuck between France and Russia. They had to fight on two fronts (a front is an area of active battle). • German General Alfred von Schlieffen had a plan to help with this problem (The Schlieffen Plan) • Have a small part of the army stay and slow down the Russians. • Spend most of the German troops into France to quickly defeat the French. • Send these victorious troops over to the Russian front once done with defeating the French army.

16. Enacting the Schlieffen Plan • More Declarations of War • Germany declares war on France (August 3, 1914). • Germany marches through the neutral nation of Belgium because it is flat an does not have guarded fortresses. • Britain declares war on Germany on August 4, 1914 for violating Belgium’s neutrality.

19. Homework • Reading # 2 (checked next Tues./Wed.) • Do the reading (examine section preview, main ideas, pictures, headings, maps, etc.) • Answer the questions in complete sentences on your own paper. • Reading Quiz (given next Tues./Wed.) • There will be a reading quiz on Tuesday/Wednesday for Readings 1 & 2 (know the vocabulary from those readings. • Map Quiz (Given Wed. Jan. 25) • Study the Eastern European countries on the map.

20. * * * Eastern European Countries * * * * * * * * * *

21. Be the time traveling peace maker! • Knowing what you know about the causes of World War 1, write a letter to Gavrilo Princip (the 19-year-old Serbian who assassinated Francis Ferdinand) to try to convince him not kill the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. • Explain the conditions in Europe before he pulls the trigger. • Explain what happens immediately after the assassination.