1 / 29

SOILS

SOILS. Great civilizations began because of farming ... good soil and fresh water is needed for farming Ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian societies are great examples. Egyptian civilization grew up around the fertile Nile River and its Delta

russell-sheppard
Download Presentation

SOILS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. SOILS

  2. Great civilizations began because of farming ... good soil and fresh water is needed for farming • Ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian societies are great examples

  3. Egyptian civilization grew up around the fertile Nile River and its Delta The Sahara Desert, which has poor sandy soil, doesn’t have very many people living there because the people can’t grow things in the soil. 90% of Egypt’s population lives with 20 km of the Nile River or its delta.

  4. Toronto is Canada's economic, political and cultural powerhouse, it started as a farming centre • 51% of Canada's good farmland can be seen from the top of the CN tower; most of it is paved or built on

  5. Where is soil? What is soil made of?

  6. Soil Profile Decaying leaves, needles, grasses, animals, lots of nutrients HUMUS TOPSOIL Spongy, rotted plants and animals, bacteria, earthworms SUB SOIL Hard layer, more rocks and clay, fewer spaces for air and water, difficult for plant roots to grow PARENT MATERIAL Broken rocks and gravel

  7. Soil is made up of four (4) main parts: MOMA! • 4. MOISTURE • water dissolves nutrients (makes them like a liquid) so they can be taken up by plants • helps to break down rock and decay organic material • 1. MINERALS: • come from broken up rock, which is called parent material • minerals provide nutrients to plants • 2. ORGANIC MATERIAL: • partly decomposed plants and animal material • forms humus, which provides nutrients • 3. AIR • need air around roots of plants • air holes are created by worms, insects, small animals

  8. Activity #1 • http://schoolmediainteractive.com/view/object/clip/39AF264E18CC8C8B9159B48583E95449 • Click on ‘Interactives’ • Select ‘Making Soil Application’ • Complete the activity Activity #2 http://www.classzone.com/books/ml_science_share/vis_sim/esm05_pg113_soil/esm05_pg113_soil.html

  9. SOIL PROFILE: A cross section of soil from the surface to the bedrock. O – organic material – dying material (plants and animals) – things in the process of breaking down A horizon – topsoil– rich in organic materials; takes hundreds of years to produce; thin layer B horizon – sub-soil; mainly inorganic material (broken up rock) with some organic material C horizon – parent material – broken pieces of rock and/or solid rock

  10. What does Humus look like? O Horizon: Organic Material

  11. What does Topsoil look like? A Horizon

  12. What does Subsoil look like? B Horizon

  13. What does the Parent Material look like? C Horizon

  14. Soil Horizons Quiz!

  15. Soil Horizons for 1 Question: Soil from rock or from organic material will form in layers that lie ____ to the surface of earth.

  16. Soil Horizons for 1 Answer: parallel

  17. Soil Horizons for 2 Question: The uppermost layer of soil is called the ____ horizon.

  18. Soil Horizons for 2 Answer: 0

  19. Soil Horizons for 3 Question: The “A” horizon is generally _____ than the horizons below and may be from a few inches to several feet thick.

  20. Soil Horizons for 3 Answer: darker

  21. Soil Horizons for 4 Question: The bedrock upon which the other soil horizons rest is called the __ horizon.

  22. Soil Horizons for 4 Answer: “R”

  23. Soil Horizons for 5 Question: This layer is the material from which soil originated.

  24. Soil Horizons for 5 Answer: “C” Horizon

  25. LEACHING • where there is a lot of precipitation • downward movement of water through soil • dissolves nutrients and carries downward

  26. CALCIFICATION • in drier climates • water drawn to surface by capillary action • water evaporates • Nutrients dissolved in soil water are carried to surface and deposited there as the water evaporates • can lead to rich topsoil – full of nutrients • In extreme cases so much is deposited that the soil becomes poisonous to plants

  27. Soils in Ontario

  28. Soil in P.E.I.

More Related