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American Bullfrog ( Lithobates catesbeianus ) Phylogeny

This study examines the genetic variability of American Bullfrog populations and their relationship to climatic variables using cytochrome b sequencing. The findings may shed light on the bullfrog's ability to tolerate drought and adapt to different environments.

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American Bullfrog ( Lithobates catesbeianus ) Phylogeny

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  1. American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) Phylogeny Lisa M. Wilson April 26, 2010

  2. Introduced Species Introduced species are a major cause of endangerment of species in the U.S. 400 of 958 species in U.S. Huge economic impact

  3. American Bullfrog • Successful colonizer • Native to North America east of the Mississippi River • Introduced to western North America, China, Venezuela, Brazil, Europe… • Preys on and outcompetes native species • Acts as reservoir and vector of chytrid

  4. Invasive Management • Eradication impossible • Management for coexistence • Prevention! • Climate matching is best predictor • Legislation to control intentional introductions • Is there variability between populations within Bullfrog range that affect climate matching ability?

  5. Project Goal • Use available sequence data to look for differences between populations that may be related to climatic variables

  6. Methods • Cytochromeb sequences for Bullfrog and Green Frog from NCBI • Aligned in Seaview using ClustalW • Maximum-likelihood tree created with RAxML • 1000 bootstraps • Tree visualized and modified in FigTree • Compared arrangement of source populations in tree with climate variables • Locations from original papers (Austin et al. 2003, 2004)

  7. Results

  8. Drought Tolerance • Closely related and relatively recent • Founder effects • Requires same genetic drift between all populations • China, Java, California, Texas, Missouri, Kansas? • From most arid locations • Cytb could be related to drought tolerance • Role in cellular respiration

  9. Discussion • No influence of temperature • Thermal tolerances not heritable • Cytb not related to thermal tolerances • Distribution of cytbhaplotypes determined by refugia during last glacial maximum • New York is basal, Ontario closely related to Florida • High rate of gene flow – human mediated transport?

  10. Summary • Limited by data availability • Cytochromeb only widely available sequence • Limited known locations • More populations, more genes, ideally related genes!

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