AMERICAN

1. AMERICAN REVOLUTION

2. AMERICAN REVOLUTION 1775 - 1781 • 13 colonies at war with Britain to gain independence after uprisings due to • high taxes and • mistreatment by the King.

3. AMERICAN REVOLUTION (Continued) America eventually won war and gained independence from Britain.

4. Lexington and Concord Battle BATTLES OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD First battles of the American Revolution. Massachusetts minutemen fought the British regulars who were trying to destroy military stores and arrest colonial leaders.

5. BATTLE OF SARATOGA Battle of Saratoga is where colonists won and convinced the French to commit troops to the American cause. The American Revolution had become an international conflict. The Battle of Saratoga was the turning point of the war and helped the colonists win.

6. MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE Marquis de Lafayette was the French office who assisted the Americans during the American Revolution.

7. BATTLE OF YORKTOWN • Sight of British defeat • Ended the Revolutionary War

8. TREATY OF PARIS Treaty of Paris ended the American Revolution. Britain recognized the United States as a new nation. The western border of the United States was the Mississippi River.

9. ARTICLES OF CONFEDERTION Date: 1777 • First framework for our government • Created a loose confederacy of sovereign states (a friendship)

10. ARTICLES OF CONFEDERTION (Continued) BIGGEST FLAW: Established a very weak central government. The Articles of Confederation were unsuccessful and the Constitution was created in its place.

11. NORTHWEST ORDINANCE DATE: 1787 Established an orderly way for the western territories to apply for statehood.

12. FEDERALISTS AND FEDERALIST PAPERS Federalists - people who supported the Constitution The Federalists were successful!!! Federalist Papers: 85 essays trying to get states to pass the new Constitution

13. FEDERALISTS Federalists: • Supporters of the Constitution • Wanted a strong federal government • Large landowners, merchants, and farmers along the river and coast.

14. ANTIFEDERALISTS • Opponents of the Constitution • Strong states’ rights • Western farmers and South

15. PATRICK HENRY • 1736 - 1799 • Governor of Virginia • Radical Revolutionary leader

16. PATRICK HENRY (Continued) Leading Antifederalist who pushed for the Bill ofRights to be added to the Constitution Famous quote: “Give me liberty, or give me death”

17. ALEXANDER HAMILTON Date: 1755 -1804 Brilliant New York lawyer and statesman Framer of the Constitution Established first bank of the U.S. and the national credit

18. ALEXANDER HAMILTON (Continued) Strong Federalist Helped write the Federalist Papers First Secretary of Treasury under George Washington

19. PHILADELPHIA CONVENTION (Constitutional Convention) Date: 1787 Purpose: Revise Articles of Confederation - then threw them out

20. PHILADELPHIA CONVENTION (Constitutional Convention) - Continued Great Compromise: House of Representatives based on state population and Senate – equal representation Three-Fifths Compromise: Every five enslaved people in a state would count as three free persons for determining both representation and taxes.

21. PHILADELPHIA CONVENTION (Constitutional Convention) - Continued Set up framework for limited government and a new Constitution was created.

22. 1787 • Adoption of the Constitution • Framework for the U.S. Government • Remains a model for representative government

23. CONSTITUTION Created by the founding fathers Revised for the Articles of Confederation Foundation for the government used today

24. 1793 Neutrality Proclamation: Urging citizens to stay neutral during the French Revolution GEORGE WASHINGTON 1732 - 1799 First President of the United States

25. GEORGE WASHINGTON (Continued) Jay’s Treaty: Attempt to gain a settlement of American grievances against Great Britain and avoid war Pinckney’s Treaty: Promoted positive relations with Spain

26. GEORGE WASHINGTON (Continued) Farewell Address: “Steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign World” this guided America’s foreign policy for year

27. AMENDING THE CONSTITUTION Purpose: Allow future generations to make changes to the Constitution Process: Two Steps: 1. Proposal 2. Ratification

28. AMENDING THE CONSTITUTION (continued) Proposal: Vote by two-thirds of the members of both houses Or Two-thirds of states at a constitutional convention Ratification: Three-fourths of states legislatures Or Three-fourths of states must approve for ratification

29. ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS 1689 • Changed England’s government from absolute monarchy to a Constitutional monarchy Our Constitution and Bill of Rights were modeled after the Constitutional monarchy.

30. Magna Carta MAGNA CARTA English agreement between its nobles and king guaranteeing certain rights Rights were later given to all citizens Our Constitution and Bill or Rights were based on the Magna Carta

31. REPUBLICANISM Government by popularly elected representatives, not a king Allows people to be the final source of authority

32. FEDERALISM In 1787 the Constitution was drafted, which formed the idea of federalism Federalism: Power is shared between the national or federal government and the state

33. CHECKS AND BALANCES System where each branch of government has the ability to limit power of the other branches to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful Provided by the Constitution to ensure that America would never have a monarchy

34. INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS First 10 amendments protect basic liberties and rights • Individual rights include freedom of • Religion • Speech • Press, etc. The 17 amendments that follow the Bill of Rights expand the individual rights of Americans.

35. POPULAR SOVERIGNTY Government subject to the will of the people Created a representative system of government where officials spoke on behalf of the people The new Constitution was based on this idea

36. LIMITED GOVERNMENT Government only has the powers the Constitution gives to it.

37. SEPARATION OF POWERS Government principle where power is divided among different branches. Legislative (House & Senate) – makes laws Executive (President) – enforces laws Judicial (courts) – interpret laws

38. FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND PRESS 1791 First of the ten Bill of Rights People can b e well informed through the press People can freely exchange ideas without fear of imprisonment

39. JOHN ADAMS 1735 -1826 Second President of the U.S. His greatest achievement was avoiding war with France.

40. JOHN ADAMS (continued) Alien and Sedition Acts: Allowed government to forcibly expel foreigners and jail editors for malicious writing Purpose: political strategy to destroy the Democratic-Republicans

41. ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL PARTIES • Two distinct parties emerged during Washington’s presidency due to: • congressional battles over the assumption of state debts • Excise tax 1791 • Bank of U.S. • Protective tariff

42. ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL PARTIES (Continued) FEDERALISTS Led by Hamilton and John Marshall, associated with wealthy and upper crust, encouraged the development of industry, favored an alliance with Great Britain, wanted a strong central government.

43. ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL PARTIES (Continued) Democrtic-Republicans Led by Jefferson and Madison Associated with the masses Encouraged the development of agriculture Favored an alliance with France Pushed for strong states’ rights

44. THOMAS JEFFERSON Primary author of the Declaration of Independence Brought Louisiana from France, which doubled the size of the United States.