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Redefining America: Findings from the 2006 Latino National Survey

A comprehensive survey conducted among Latino residents of the United States to explore various aspects of Latino political and social life in America, including transnationalism, identity, inter-group and intra-group relations, education, policy preferences, discrimination, mobilization, and political orientations.

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Redefining America: Findings from the 2006 Latino National Survey

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  1. Redefining America: Findings from the 2006 Latino National Survey Luis R. Fraga Stanford University University of Washington John A. Garcia University of Arizona Rodney E. Hero University of Notre Dame Michael Jones-Correa Cornell University Valerie Martinez-Ebers Texas Christian University Gary M. Segura University of Washington

  2. Sources of Funding • Annie E. Casey Foundation • Carnegie Corporation • Ford Foundation • Hewlett Foundation • Irvine Foundation • Joyce Foundation • Kellogg Foundation • National Science Foundation • Russell Sage Foundation • Texas A&M University: MALRC, PERG

  3. Latino National Survey • A “national” telephone survey of 8600 Latino residents of the United States, seeking a broad understanding of the qualitative nature of Latino political and social life in America • State-stratified samples that reach approximately 90% coverage of the national Latino population • Approximately 40 minutes (length and number of questions depends on split-samples, etc) • English and Spanish • Universe is all Latino adults, not citizens or voters

  4. Themes within the Survey • Survey includes…many of the questions or topics you have grown to love from existing surveys, whenever possible to ensure comparability; • Questions submitted by various political scientists specifically targeted at states; • Questions suggested by the advisory board • Beyond the standard, we focused on transnationalism, identity, inter-group and intra-group relations, gender, education, policy preferences, discrimination, mobilization and overall political orientations • Some questions specific to foreign born, non-citizens, registered voters, and residents of specific states

  5. Stratified Structure The survey is stratified, that is, creates stand-alone samples in 15 states and the DC Metro area allowing us to speak to specific political contexts • Arizona 400 • Arkansas 400 • California 1200 • Colorado 400 • DC-SMSA 400 • Florida 800 • Georgia 400 • Illinois 600 • Iowa 400 • Nevada 400 • New Jersey 400 • New Mexico 400 • New York 800 • North Carolina 400 • Texas 800 • Washington 400 • TOTAL 8600

  6. California Sub-samples • Bay Area: Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco,San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano, Sonoma • Los Angeles Metro: Los Angeles, Orange, Ventura • San Diego: San Diego • Central Valley: Fresno, Kern, Kings, Madera, Merced, San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Tulare • Inland Empire: Riverside (western), San Bernardino (southwestern) • Other California: Sacramento, rest of state

  7. Percent Hispanic of U.S. Population, 1960-2030 Percent Source: Chapter 2. Multiple Origins, Uncertain Destinies. Adapted from Figure 2-2.

  8. Hispanic Births and Net Immigration by Decade: 1960-2030 Millions Source: Chapter 2. Multiple Origins, Uncertain Destinies. Adapted from Figure 2-1.

  9. Source: Population Projections Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2002

  10. Source: Population Projections, Department of Finance, State of California, 2004

  11. !

  12. Population Growth Chart Comparisons California United States

  13. Latino Diversity 44 million Latinos in the US Census Bureau(American Community Survey, Released August 2006) Mexican 63.9% Puerto Rican 9% Cuban 3.5% Salvadoran 2.9% Dominican 2.7% Guatemalan 1.7% Colombian 1.8% ALL OTHERS 14.3% Native-born (not Island-born): 35.4% Foreign-born 61% Island-born PR 3.6% No high school diploma 43% College graduate 11.1% • Latino National Survey(unweighted N) • Summer 2006 • *Mexican 66.1% (5704) • *Puerto Rican 9.5% (822) • *Cuban 4.9% (420) • *Salvadoran 4.7% (407) • *Dominican 3.9% (335) • *Guatemalan 1.7% (149) • *Colombian 1.6% (139) • *All Others 7.6% • *Native-born 28.4% (2450) • *Foreign-born (adults) 66.2% (5717) • *Island-born PR 5.4% (467) • *No high school diploma 37% • *College graduate 16.2%

  14. Country of Origin Nation California Bay LA San Central Inland Other Area Diego Valley Empire Mexico 68.6 84.4 78.7 76.1 95.3 97.4 93.2 95.8 El Salvador 4.3 8.2 9.6 14.5 0.0 0.7 0.9 0.7 Guatemala 2.0 2.2 2.2 3.2 1.2 0.7 1.7 0.7 Other 24.2 5.2 9.5 6.2 3.5 1.2 4.2 2.8

  15. Nativity Nation California Bay LA San Central Inland Other Area Diego Valley Empire Born U.S. 28.6 30.9 39.7 26.4 25.9 34.4 43.2 29.6 Born Outside U.S. 66.7 68.5 60.3 73.4 72.9 65.6 54.2 69.0 Naturalized 30.1 35.0 40.2 36.2 30.6 25.3 46.9 30.6

  16. Generational Status California Bay LA San Central Inland Other Area Diego Valley Empire Gen 1 69.2 60.7 73.6 74.1 65.6 57.3 70.4 Gen 2 12.8 14.8 12.1 11.8 11.9 18.8 10.6 Gen 3 9.3 15.5 8.0 4.7 11.9 10.3 7.8 Gen 4+ 8.7 8.9 6.3 9.4 10.6 13.7 11.3

  17. Assimilation, Values, and Identity

  18. Language Preference Nation California Bay LA San Central Inland Other Area Diego Valley Empire English 38.1 39.8 52.9 32.0 32.9 37.8 59.3 43.0 Spanish 61.8 60.2 47.1 68.0 67.1 62.3 40.7 57.0 Language chosen to complete the survey

  19. Importance of Learning English Nation California Bay LA San Central Inland Other Area Diego Valley Empire Very Important 91.9 94.7 91.2 94.6 92.9 94.0 91.5 95.1 Somewhat Important 6.7 5.1 7.4 4.2 4.7 6.0 6.8 4.2 Not Very Important 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.1 2.4 0.0 1.7 0.7 Not At All Important 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Question: How important do you think it is that everyone in the United States Learn English?

  20. Importance of Retaining Spanish Nation California Bay LA San Central Inland Other Area Diego Valley Empire Very Important 84.9 84.1 79.4 85.5 82.4 86.1 83.1 82.4 Somewhat Important 11.9 13.3 17.7 11.7 16.5 12.6 13.6 14.1 Not Very Important 1.9 1.7 0.7 1.1 1.2 1.3 3.4 0.7 Not At All Important 1.1 1.0 2.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 Question: How important do you think it is for you and your family to maintain the ability to speak Spanish?

  21. Language Proficiencyacross Generations • Strong English dominance and nearly universal English proficiency among the first-generation of US born; • Generally strong Spanish retention, aided by refreshed populations of Spanish-speakers.

  22. Importance of Learning English/ Retaining Spanish across Generations

  23. Sense of American and Home-Country IdentityAcross Generations

  24. A Multiplicity of Identities • Simultaneous strong sense of pan-ethnic identity, national origin identity, and American-ness • Puerto Ricans illustrate best that identities are not mutually exclusive • Cuban pan-ethnicity surprisingly high • Mexican sense of American-ness high considering the share foreign born

  25. Levels of Pan Ethnicity and ConnectednessOf One’s Subgroup to Other Latinos • One-half of LNS Latinos perceive a lot of commonalities with one’s group and other Latinos • Stronger pan-ethnic identifiers are more inclined to see this connection. • Over three- fourths of the combined stronger pan-ethic identifiers see their own national origin group as having a similar fate with other Latinos

  26. Selected Markers of Societal Assimilation

  27. Attention to US and “Home Country” Politics and Public Affairs • Attention to US politics is strong, even among the foreign born, and approaches (and in some cases surpasses) levels for all other groups, among Latinos born in the US. • While about 57% of foreign born respondents agree that they should be able to vote in home country elections, only about 4% have ever done so, and about 58% report paying little or no attention to politics back home.

  28. Preferences for Cultural Assimilation and Distinctness • Support for blending into the larger culture and for maintaining a distinct culture are positively related (r=.1415): • Not seen as an either/or proposition

  29. Civic and Political Participation

  30. Patterns of Civic Engagement California Bay LA San Central Inland Other Area Diego Valley Empire Group Participation 20.4 23.5 18.9 18.8 17.9 22.9 25.4 Organizational Problem Solving 28.7 28.7 28.9 25.9 27.8 33.1 27.5 Informal Problem Solving 32.9 29.4 33.4 32.9 34.4 28.8 35.9

  31. Interest in Politics Nation California Bay LA San Central Inland Other Area Diego Valley Empire Very Interested 18.9 19.4 15.4 22.2 23.5 16.6 17.8 14.1 Somewhat Interested 46.1 47.9 50.7 45.1 44.7 48.3 51.7 54.9 Not Interested 30.4 27.6 28.7 28.3 29.4 28.5 22.9 25.4 Not Sure/ Don’t Know 4.1 4.4 5.2 3.5 2.3 5.3 6.8 5.6 Question: How interested are you in politics and public affairs? Would you say you are very interested, somewhat interested, or not at all interested?

  32. Voter Registration Nation California Bay LA San Central Inland Other Area Diego Valley Empire Registered 77.4 79.5 75.9 81.6 73.8 77.9 81.0 78.4 Not Registered 21.4 19.5 23.0 18.1 21.4 22.1 17.9 18.9 This question was only asked of citizens.

  33. Electoral Participation, 2004 California Bay LA San Central Inland Other Area Diego Valley Empire Contacted 36.7 48.3 33.9 33.3 39.0 36.9 33.8 Voted 62.3 60.9 67.4 54.8 61.0 53.6 58.1

  34. Latinos and Partisanship

  35. Patterns of Partisanship Overall U.S. Born CA Born Outside CA U.S. Democrat 42.1 55.9 50.6 33.9 37.0 Republican21.5 26.0 22.8 18.8 10.5 Independent8.1 5.6 7.1 10.0 9.0 Don’t Care12.7 4.8 6.8 17.4 20.1 Don’t Know15.6 8.6 12.1 20.0 23.2

  36. Partisanship Among Citizens U.S. CA Naturalized CA Reg CA Not Reg CA Democrat 55.9 50.6 43.9 47.3 55.9 56.9 33.6 28.6 Republican26.0 22.8 24.9 17.1 26.1 18.3 22.3 27.4 Independent5.6 7.1 8.6 9.3 6.1 8.5 8.2 7.9 Don’t Care4.8 6.7 9.2 7.8 3.9 4.3 15.4 14.5 Don’t Know8.6 12.1 13.4 18.3 8.1 11.8 20.6 21.4

  37. Patterns of Partisanship, California Nation California Bay LA San Central Inland Other Area Diego Valley Empire Strong Democrat 17.6 33.1 23.1 39.3 27.7 27.3 36.1 23.9 Democrat 16.3 25.7 34.1 25.8 21.3 20.5 24.1 26.1 Leans Democrat 10.4 8.5 8.8 8.6 6.4 8.0 2.4 15.2 Independent 38.5 12.4 13.2 11.0 14.9 17.1 10.8 13.0 Leans Republican 6.8 4.4 4.4 3.0 4.3 9.1 6.0 4.4 Republican 5.9 9.8 8.8 6.2 12.8 11.4 13.3 14.1 Strong Republican 4.5 6.6 7.7 6.2 12.8 6.8 7.2 3.3

  38. Partisanship and Gender MaleFemale Democrat 41.2 40.7 Republican 23.7 18.7 Independent 9.3 7.6 Don’t Care 11.7 14.6 Don’t Know 14.1 18.4

  39. Citizenship and Issue Positions:Problem Facing the Country Citizen CA Non-citizen CA Iraq War 30.0 30.3 33.2 28.3 Economy 14.7 15.2 12.4 17.6 Illegal Immigration 8.4 8.3 14.8 13.4 Education/ Schools 4.2 5.1 4.7 1.2 Other 12.4 11.3 6.6 6.8 “What do you think is THE one most important problem facing the country today?”

  40. Partisanship and Issue Positions:Problem Facing the Country Democrat CA Republican CA Independent CA Iraq War33.8 33.2 25.1 29.4 25.8 28.4 Economy 15.0 17.1 14.6 15.0 14.5 17.9 Illegal Immigration 6.9 7.5 9.0 8.8 10.6 14.1 Education/ Schools 5.4 4.3 4.5 2.4 5.0 3.7 Other 11.7 10.4 17.3 12.6 16.1 4.6 “What do you think is THE one most important problem facing the country today?”

  41. Partisanship and Issue Positions:Preferred Party to Address Problem Facing Country Dems CA Reps CA Neither CA Don’t CA Know Democrat 39.4 49.3 7.4 6.8 43.1 32.4 10.1 11.2 Republican14.6 7.4 26.2 33.1 46.3 50.6 13.0 8.7 Independent12.1 22.7 6.8 8.2 63.8 51.2 17.2 17.8 Don’t Care6.2 10.1 3.9 5.0 54.2 37.5 35.7 47.2 Don’t Know6.1 6.0 4.8 6.6 48.5 43.0 40.6 44.2 “Which political party do you think has a better approach to address this problem?”

  42. Citizenship and Issue Positions:Problem Facing Latinos Citizen CA Non-citizen CA Illegal Immigration 25.0 25.4 35.1 30.7 Education/ Schools 13.9 16.7 3.6 4.6 Unemp/Jobs 11.7 10.9 12.6 11.2 Iraq War 1.5 2.0 1.6 2.8 Other 13.6 13.5 9.2 8.4 “What do you think is THE one most important problem facing the Latino community today?”

  43. Partisanship and Issue Positions:Problem Facing Latinos Democrat CA Republican CA Independent CA Illegal Immigration 24.7 24.8 23.7 26.0 27.5 32.2 Education/ Schools 18.2 16.1 15.3 15.8 11.3 10.0 Unemp/Jobs 12.4 12.3 11.0 6.8 9.7 11.7 Iraq War 1.8 1.7 0.9 3.0 1.9 4.2 Other 13.8 10.5 16.4 23.3 14.4 8.7 “What do you think is THE one most important problem facing the Latino community today?”

  44. Partisanship and Issue Positions:Preferred Party to Address Problem Facing Latinos Dems CA Reps CA Neither CA Don’t CA Know Democrat 44.8 51.2 6.7 6.6 37.1 32.0 11.4 10.0 Republican19.3 13.1 21.0 24.8 42.1 49.3 17.6 12.6 Independent14.4 18.6 7.8 7.0 55.7 56.2 22.0 18.0 Don’t Care12.1 10.2 6.2 4.2 48.2 41.0 33.5 44.4 Don’t Know7.7 7.1 6.2 8.8 40.5 34.3 45.6 49.6 “Which political party do you think has a better approach to address this problem?”

  45. IMMIGRATION POLICY

  46. Preferred Immigration Policy, by Generation 1st CA 2nd CA 3rd CA 4thCA Immediate Legalization53.6 58.2 23.7 22.1 35.5 37.2 15.5 16.3 Guest Worker: Legalization 25.3 22.8 43.7 53.4 35.1 34.3 47.0 52.1 Guest Worker: Temporary 10.6 9.6 13.9 16.3 12.0 12.1 13.6 12.6 Seal Border2.1 0.8 7.3 2.3 6.5 7.5 11.5 12.9

  47. Latino National Survey• Executive Summary• Demographic Tables• Background Tables• Questionnaire and Toplines Available at the website of the Washington Institute for the Study of Ethnicity, Race, and Sexuality (WISER), University of Washington, Seattle: http://depts.washington.edu/uwiser/LNS.shtml

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