THE HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN

1. THE HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN MINISTRY OF WATER AND IRRIGATION ( MWI) WATER AUTHORITY OF JORDAN ( WAJ ) Wastewater Production, Treatment, and Use in Jordan Prepared By: Eng . AHMED ALI ULEIMAT (ulimat_jor@yahoo.com) for Second Regional Workshop ‘Safe Use of Wastewater in Agriculture’ , 16-18 May 2012, New Delhi, India

2. Thanks to Organizers • I would like to thank the organizers and the Scientific Committee for giving me the chance to attend the Second Regional Workshop ‘Safe Use of Wastewater in Agriculture’ , 16-18 May 2012, New Delhi, India

3. Presentation scope • 1.0 Introduction to water resources in Jordan. • 2.0 Jordan wastewater policy • 3.0 JISM Standards for reclaimed water. • 4.0 reclaimed water reuse in Jordan.. • 5.0 conclusions

4. HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN • Area :90000 square km • Population : 5.6 million (2005). • Capital : Amman • Population rate:2.8% • Climate :arid-semi arid • Rainfall : • Around 1.3% of Jordan's area receives more than 500 mm/year • 1.8% recieves(300-500) mm • 3.8% receives (200-300) • 12.5% receives (100-200) 80% receives <200 mm Long term average of rainfall falling per year:8300MCM

5. Water Resources- • Renewable resources (780)MCM\yr: • 1.0 Surface water 505MCM/yr • 2.0 Groundwater Sources 275 MCM/yr • Reclaimed water: • Treated Wastewater 115MCM ( 2011 ) • NONRENEWABLE: • 1.0 Fossil Water 140 MCM/yr • 2.0 Brackish Water 50 MCM/yr.

6. Water uses in the year 2009-water quantity (941 MCM): • Agriculture represents the single greatest demand for water in Jordan accounting for nearly : • 1.0 for irrigation 64% of the local demand. • 2.0 for domestic purposes about(32%) • 3.0 for industrial sector about(3%) • 4.0 other uses <1%

7. Jordan's Water Strategy- • Due in part to the demand pressure on fresh water resources there is increasing interest in reusing reclaimed water for non potable purposes. • Today, water shortage in the Middle East has forced countries to reuse treated wastewater for agriculture, industry, recreation and to recharge aquifers and Jordan is one of these countries. • An integrated approach has been taken in Jordan's Water Strategy, formally adopted by the council of ministers in May 1997, places a high priority on the resource value of reclaimed water. • ( Wastewater shall not be managed as waste; it shall be collected and treated to standards that allow its use in unrestricted agriculture and other non domestic purposes, including ground water recharge.)

8. Jordan water strategy-Water for life (2008-2022): • 1.0 MWI will continue to expand the safe use of reclaimed water by building new wastewater treatment plants and exploring productive uses in agriculture ,industry and urban landscapes, explore the potential for using the treated wastewater for aquifer recharge as is done in other parts of the world. • 2.0 to protect human health ,ground water and the environment by adopting appropriate WW TECHNOLOGYIES that meets the approved standards. • 3.0 formulate a wastewater master plan for unserved areas.

9. Wastewater treatment plants in Jordan-26TPs country wide.

10. Jordan's governorates-existing-26 &planned WWTPs-8TPs

11. MAJOR CONSTITUENTS OF TYPICAL DOMESTIC Raw WASTEWATER-USA and Jordan

12. WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS DESCRIPTION---

13. WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS DESCRIPTION Table4

14. Existing water reuse standard in Jordan: • The Institution for Standards and Metrology is the national entity responsible for Issuing standards in Jordan (JISM). • Permanent technical committee for water and wastewater No.17 has set the Jordanian Standard 893/2002 dealing with “Water-Reclaimed Domestic Wastewater” and recommended its approval as a Jordanian Technical base No. 893/2006. • Scope: This Jordanian standard is purposely set to specify the conditions that the reclaimed domestic wastewater discharged from wastewater treatment plants should meet in order to be discharged or used in the various fields mentioned in this standard .

15. General Requirements • The Reclaimed Domestic Wastewater standard has two primary components: • A) Reclaimed water discharged to streams, wadis or water bodies. • B) Reclaimed water for reuse. • Reclaimed water must comply with the conditions stated in this standard for each of its planned end uses. • It is not permitted to dilute by mixing reclaimed water before being discharged from wastewater treatment plants with pure water intentionally to comply with the requirements set in this standard.

16. General Requirements 1.0 Should reclaimed water be used for purposes other than those mentioned in this standard (such as for cooling or for fire distinguishing and artificial recharge of groundwater aquifers), special standards or guidelines are to be applied in each case after conducting the necessary studies taking into consideration the health and environmental dimension. 2.0 Official and specialized concerned parties overseeing the operation and development of wastewater treatment plants must always work towards improving the effluent quality to levels, maybe, exceeding those presented in this standard to ideally use the reclaimed water and protect the environment. 3.0 It is prohibited to use reclaimed water for irrigating vegetables that are eaten uncooked (raw).

17. Two main groups • The item concerned with reclaimed water reuse for irrigation purposes consists of two main groups; standards group and guidelines group: • 1.0 Standards group: is the group of properties and standards that operating parties must produce water complying to it and according to the usages mentioned in this standard. • 2.0 Guidelines group: The guidelines group is considered for guidance only and in case of exceeding its values the end user must carry out scientific studies to verify the effect of that water on public health and the environment and suggest ways and means to prevent damage to either.

18. Water –Reclaimed Domestic Standard-JS-893/2006

19. Allowable Limit for properties and criteria for reuse in irrigation

20. Quality Monitoring: • The Wastewater Treatment Plant Owner Party must ensure that the reclaimed water quality complies to the standards and according to its end use. And must carry out the required laboratory tests and document results in official logbooks and present them whenever requested by the governmental monitoring parties. • Comprehensive monitoring program has been implemented by WAJ according to JS893\2006

22. WHO GUIDELINES • WHO guidelines issued in 1989 focusing on microbiological parameters, to protect public health. • WHO guidelines issued in 2006 has to be adapted according to the local conditions taken in consideration risk management and assessment approach with support from GIZ,CEHA &USAID PROJECTS.

23. water reuse management plan • 1. The key objectives of the Jordan water reuse management plan are to use reclaimed water ,where practical ,in exchange for present and future use of fresh water and to maximize the returns from reclaimed water resources . • 2. MWI/WAJ has imposed that all new wastewater treatment projects must include feasibility aspects for water reuse and has set standards for treating wastewater based on reuse categories depending on the type of crops and other intended aspects . • 3. Regulations of reclaimed water are mainly based on use restrictions and must be authorized by WAJ with a signed agreement.

24. Water reuse in Jordan • 1.0 reuse of treated wastewater is a valuable alternative to fresh water resources. • 2.0 reduces the demand on conventional water resources. • 3.0 reduce the investments in developing new drinking water supplies. • 4.0 reduces the volume of WW DISPOSAL . • 5.0 reduce pollution to receiving areas

25. Treated wastewater quantity • The wastewater quantity flows to treatment plants is about 115 MCM for the year 2011 113.83 MCM for the year 2007, 111.8 MCM for the year 2006, 107.4 for the year 2005 and 101.8 MCM for the year 2004. It was increased by (11.5%) from the year 2004. More over, about 72.5% of wastewater quantity was treated at Sammra T.P. • The discharged and used quantity of reclaimed water from all treatment plants is about (111) MCM for the year 2011.

26. table No.2.

27. Wastewater effluent –M3/DAY

28. Agreement with farmers 140 115 120 88 100 80 60 60 35 40 20 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 agreement with farmers were issued by MWI/WAJ

29. Reuse agreement signed with WAJ

30. Planned Wastewater reuse- Demonstration and Documentation of Safe Reclaimed Water Reuse • Water reuse is now a part of Jordan’s overall water resources balance and also it is a tool of protecting water resources, coastal areas and receiving bodies from pollution effects. Planned reclaimed water reuse has been practiced in Jordan and some pilot projects have been launched or are under study for irrigation& other intended uses in cooperation with international donors such as USAID and GIZ.

31. How well are we doing? • In Jordan, the government’s policy is to achieve and improve wastewater collection, conveyance, treatment, and disposal and reuse systems. • WAJ has replaced most of the treatment plants working with Stabilization ponds to activated sludge. • An example :Samra WWTP ,the largest treatment plant that serves Amman & Zarka where 60% of the population of Jordan lives it is working know with AC The new project is a public private partnership (PPP) for financing the construction and operation based on a Build Operate Transfer approach over a period of 25 years It is the first BOT project in Jordan and operated during the year 2008 .

32. Conclusions and recommendations: • 1.0 It is necessary to characterize the effluents quality and its possible use according to JS893/2006 . • 2.0 The first step toward capturing this important resource is implementing and enforcement of reclaimed water standard 893 / 2006 to protect public health and the environment. • 3.0 The risks associated with wastewater use in irrigation may overcome benefits from its use when appropriate measures and practices are not considered which creates a challenge to wastewater users. • 4.0 Implement appropriate measures to control disease vectors and produce safe conditions for workers and consumers through implementing training programs which aims to let the users recognize the associated risks coming from wastewater reuse. • .

33. Conclusions and recommendations: • 5.0 Update the JS 893/2006 taken in consideration the risk management t approach which is considered the new road map for reuse activities • 6.0 Reclaimed water is important to Jordan region from both a resource and regulatory perspective (Treated wastewater is a viable water resource.) • 7.0 One way that WAJ recognizes this importance and encourages people to use reclaimed water is by pricing it lower than the potable rates. • 8.0 The lower cost of reclaimed water has been an important incentive for people to use/convert to reclaimed water.

34. Conclusions and recommendations: • 9.0 WAJ has a goal of attaining total water reuse to be used in the intended aspects and • 10.0 Awareness raising is a major issues in wastewater reuse management plan andPeople accepted to reuse reclaimed water by signing agreements with water Authority. • 11.0The national planed reuse projects demonstrate the safe, reliable and sustainable use of reclaimed water and maximizing limited water resources and ensuring compliance with standard and allow Ministry experts to plan, mange and monitor sustainable water reuse projects throughout Jordan

35. View Of the Irrigation System

36. Wadi Mousa WWTP - Reuse Project

37. Wadi Musa TP-PILOT PROJECT

38. Papayaat Aqaba

39. Landscaping at Jubiha-Abu nsair Interchange,

40. Irrigation system at the Jordan Environmental Street

41. RAMTHA Reuse activity

42. WADI AL ARAB TREATMENT PLANT

43. WADI – AL SIER WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS

44. Cactusat Aqaba pilot project

45. Any question? one of the 7th wonders