Unit 4 Doing away with the King ’ s English

1. P I Listening and Speaking Activities Part II Reading Comprehension and Language Activities Part III Extended Activities Unit 4 Doing away with the King’s English

2. Part IListening and Speaking Activities • 1. Introduction of functions • 2. Listen an speak • 3. Try to speak more (conversation1,conversation2) • 4. Make your own dialogue • 5. What are they for? • 6. If you want to learn more

3. Part II Reading Comprehension and Language Activities • Pre-reading Tasks • Text • Notes • Translation • Comprehension work • 1.Language work(A, B, C) • 2.Language work(A, B, C)

4. Part III Extended Activities • Dictation • Read more • Translation

5. Part II Reading Comprehension and Language Activities • Pre-reading Tasks • 1 . In what countries is English spoken as a native language? • 2. discuss the difference between the following pairs of words : Colour-----color centre------center honour -----honor favour ----favor

6. Unit 4 Doing away with the King’s English Although many people speak English, they don’t always pronounce or spell the words they use in the same way . The United States, in particular , has its own special ways of pronouncing and spelling the English language . They speak what is called American English ,and they owe a lot of its special character to one Man .Noah Webster. （译文） Noah Webster was born in Connecticut in 1758. He grew up during a period of great American patriotism . He graduated from Yale University when he was 20. By then the American Revolution had begun, and young Noah joined George Washington’s army and joined the fight against the British. （译文）

7. Unit 4 Doing away with the King’s English The end of the American Revolution brought independence to the united states, but political independence alone didn’t satisfy Webster. He wanted Americans to be independent from England intellectually ,too. He wanted to do away with the king’s English replace it with a special American language . （译文） In 1783, Webster published a textbook called the American spelling book. Over the years the book was printed may times It was used by generation after generation of American school children .Because the book had a blue back, it became famous as the blue backed speller. （译文） Webster also compiled a dictionary .His was the first American dictionary. It, took became very popular and was updated and reprinted may times. It’s known as Webster’s Dictionary and it’s still with us . Chances are, when you go to look up a word ,you’ll look it up in a new edition of Noah Webster’s book. （译文）

8. Unit 4 Doing away with the King’s English In his books, Webster made many changes in the English used in the United States . He suggested new ways to pronounce and spell English words. He also added new, American word to the language. For example ,one of those new words was barbecue. （译文） Webster made many other changes ,most of which Americans use today. However, Webster did not go as far as his friend Benjamin Franklin wanted him to .Franklin wanted to drop all the silent letters from words .He also wanted to change the spellings of many words . Had Franklin written the dictionary instead of Webster, he would have spelled give giv, and wrong, rong .Franklin really wanted to give us our own mother tongue----but he would have spelled it tong! （译文）

9. In particular: especially, specifically. 特别，尤其 e.g. I noticed his eyes in particular, because they were such an usual color. 我尤其注意到他的眼睛，因为它们的颜色非同寻常。

10. be independent from: 1.not governed by another country,独立的，自治的 2.Not controlled by, not influenced by,不受他人影响的，独立的 e.g. India became independent from Britain in 1947.印度于1947年脱离英国独立。 Replace with: to change for another,更换，替换 e.g. You must replace those tires, they are badly worn.你必须更换这些轮胎，它们磨损的太厉害了

11. Be known as:generally recognized as,以····知名，通常名叫。 e.g. 1.she is known as a great singer.她被认为是位出色的歌手。 Chances are:it is likely,很可能。 e.g. chances are, she ‘s already heard the news. 很有可能她已经听到这个消息了。

12. pronounce:utter or speak (words, sounds) 发音 e.g. How to pronounce this new word？ 如何发这个新单词的读音？

13. Instead of: in place of, 代替，而不是 e.g. You should be working instead of lying in bed. 你应该是在工作而不是在床上躺着。

14. 废除国王英语（国王式的英语） 虽然许多人在说英语，但对于一些用法相同的词，人们的读音和拼写却不尽相同。尤其在美国，英语的读音和拼写方法有其独特之处，那里人们讲的是美式英语，而有一个人对美式英语的特点起了很大的作用，他就是：诺亚-韦伯斯特。 诺亚-韦伯斯特1758年出生于康涅狄格州，成长在美国爱国主义汹涌澎湃的时期，20岁时他毕业于耶鲁大学，此时，美国独立战争已经开始了，年轻的诺亚参加了乔治华盛顿的军队，支持抗击英军。 战争结束了，美国赢得了独立，但是从政治上的独立并不能使诺亚满足，他想让美国人在文化上也脱离英国。他想废除“国王的英语”，以独特的美国英语取而代之。 1783年韦伯斯特出版了一本教材《美语初级课本》，多少年来，这本书屡次印刷，一代又一代的美国小学生使用了这本书。这本书的封底是蓝色的，所以他被称为“蓝色拼法书”。 韦伯斯特海边写了一本字典，他的这本字典是第一本美国字典，它同样很畅销，多次修订和刊印，这就是大家知道的《韦伯斯特字典》。现在人们仍在使用如果你查词语，很可能就得去翻译本新版本的诺亚-韦伯斯特字典。

15. 废除国王英语（国王式的英语） • 在他的著作里，韦伯斯特对在美国使用的英语做了很多改革。他建议用新的方式来读写英语词。他还往英语里增添了不少新的美语词汇。例如barbecue,就是一个新增词。 • 韦伯斯特还做了许多其他改变，多数被美国人沿用至今。但是，韦伯斯特还没有达到她的朋友本杰明富兰克林想让他改变的那个地步。富兰克林甚至想把词里不发音的字母统统删除，他还希望改变许多词的拼法。如果不是韦伯斯特而是富兰克林编写字典，他一定会将give拼成giv，wrong拼成rong。富兰克林真正想给予的是我们自己的母语（mother tongue）——他一定会把母语这个词拼成rong.

16. 1.Comprehension work (A.p.56)(A)Questions for discussion • 1. What do the Americans owe to Noah Webster? • 2. Tell brief story about Webster’s life. • 3. Discuss Webster’ s major contributions to the development of American English. • 4. Suggest possible reasons for Webster’s rejection of Franklin’s advice on American English.

17. 1.Comprehension work (B, p. 56) Retell the text using the following key words: • Although English, big people, different areas ,not pronounce or spell it in same way. • Speaking American English,a special way of pronouncing, spelling • Owe special character • Born Connecticut, 1758 • America, American patriotism,armies led by George Washington,fighting independence • Joined armies ,the fight against the British • Not only, politically independent,intellectually as well, do away with the King’s English ,replace, a special American English.

18. 1.Comprehension work (B, p. 56) • A great success, over the years ,reprinted many times generation after generation,so famous, a nickname the blue –backed-speller. • First dictionary • Popular, reprinted ,updated many time ,today still using ,many editions • New ways to pronounce and spell English words ,added new American word.. barbecue • Would have so many differences , might hace been considered as two separate gauges

19. 2.Language work(A, p.57) Do you remember how the writer said the following things in italics? If mot ,find them in the text.. • 1. people in different countries speak English in different ways, The United States, as a good example, has its own special ways to pronounce and spell the language. in particular • 2. As a patriot ,Noah Webster wanted the American people to be free from Britain intellectually as well as politically. independent • 3. the American spelling book by Webster was used by manygenerarations of American school children. Generation aftergeneration • 4. The first American dictionary was called webster’s dictionary. Known as

20. 2.Language work(A, p.57) • 5. It is possible that you will use a modern edition of Webster’s dictionary when you look up a word. Chances are • 6. In order to get rid of the King ‘s English ,Noah Webster contributed a lot to the establishment of American English. do away with • 7. Benjamin Franklin tried to persuade Webster to do away with all the silent letters from English words. drop

21. 2.Language work (B, p.57) B Fill in the blanks with words and phrases from the following box What do they talk about? The king’s English tongue included reprinted the Queen’s English Brought compile first updated edition the American Revolution the American war of independence

22. Language work (B, p.57) • 1. Between 1775 and 1783 there was a war between the 13 British colonies in the eastern part of North America and their parent country, Great Britain The colonists wanted to win their independence from British control .in the end America won the final victory, and after 1776 it became a free, independent country .Its first president was George Washington .What historical event does this paragraph talk about? (1)the American Revolution or the American war of independence

23. Language work (B, p.57) • 2. The official accent of English is called RP (short for Received pronunciation). In fact, it is the accent of the Royal Family, which is also called (2)The king’s English,or (3) the Queen’s Englishwhen the ruler is a female. • 3. English is the mother(4)tongueof the British isles, but it has almost become an international language. How did it get so big? During the 18th and 19th centuries. the English were great explorers and colonizers, and where they went, they (5) brought their language,which became known as the King’s English or the Queen’s English.

24. Language work (B, p.58) 4. In 1825, having devoted more than 20 years to the study of the English language and having traveled in both England and France. Webster returned to New haven to (6) compilehis monumental American Dictionary of the English language, In contained 12000 more words and about 40000 more definitions than any ear lier dictionary of the English language. But his importance does not rest only on the size of his work . He was the (7)first dictionary writer to emphasise American rather than British usage and the first to list meanings in the time order in which they made their appearance in the language. Besides the literary words in the English language,Noah Webster(8) included

25. Language work (B, p.58) thousands of technical and scientific terms, setting a good example for a modern , comprehensive dictionary. For over one and half centuries, his great dictionary has been (9) updatedand (10) reprinted again and again . It has been one of the major dictionaries for students of English. And in 1981, an enlarged, revised (11) editionof webster’s third new international dictionary and an abridgement . Webster ’s ninth newcollegiate dictionary ,were published . The latest edition is Webster ‘ s EleventhCollegiate dictionary ,published in 2003.

26. Language work (C, p.144) Answers of rewrite: 1.When you read, you don’t have to look up every new word in the dictionary. 2.They are going to replace the old typewriter with a new computer. 3.They were planning to build one more subway in the city. But I think they have dropped the idea now. 4.He has promised to help me as far as he can. 5.The textbook is too old. It should be updated. 6.As far as I know, more and more foreigners are learning Chinese. 7.His father joined the army when he was twenty. 8.I think you’re painting to the house the wrong way.

27. Part3. Extended Activities1.Dictation • Script of the Dictation: • Some people seem to be better than others at learning a foreign language.They are not totally dependent on books or teachers.By doing away with old methods that are not effective,they explore their own special ways of learning.They try to find patterns and rules by themselves,and when they come across a new word,they not only look it up in a dictionary,but also think of it in relation to other words and explanations.They may ask themselves “What’s the difference?”,”Can it be replaced by others?”,”How is it used in context?”These people usually learn English very quickly.They owe their success to their particular ways of learning.

28. Part3. Extended Activities (Readmore) • The rise of English is a remarkable success story. When Julius Caesar landed in Britain over two thousand years ago ,English did not exist .At the end of the sixteenth century ,when Shakespeare was in his prime, English was the native speech of between five and six million Englishmen . After that , its development was extraordinary. • The speakers of English ----including Scots, Irish, welsh--- travelled into every corner of the globe. Wherever they went, they brought their language. Today , English is used by at least one billion people , and about 400 million speak it as a mother tongue, scattered across every continent and surpassed only by the speakers of mandarin Chinese. Three quarters of the world’s mail including telexes and cables, is in English it is the language of technology from silicon valley to • shanghai; English is the official language of the air, of the sea, and of Christianity. Apart from Britain and America, people use English as a second language in countries like India and Singapore, where it is officially used for education broadcasting, and administration. Then there is English as a foreign language used in countries like Holland , where English is used to promote trade and scientific exchanged. Because so many people from different cultures are using English ,they has not only added new words to the language, but also updated the language---making it more suitable for their particular needs . The so-so called the queen’s English is now native only to England .some people go so far as to suggest that we should talk not of English ,but of English.

29. Part3. Extended Activities (Readmore)True or False • English was used as an international language in Shakespeare ’s age. F • English is the language used by all religious groups. F • English is the language of technology only in silicon valley and shanghai . F • Today ,English is used by about six hundred million people whose native language . T • The function of English as a second language is slightly different fro that of English as a foreign language. T • The word English suggest that there are varieties of English used by people of different regions. T

30. Part3. ExtendedActivities 4.Translation: • 你可以在电话号码簿中直接查到那家公司的电话号码。(look up) • 陈规陋习应该去除。(do away with) • 就我所知，他们不可能提前完成任务。(as far as） • 就篇章结构来讲，这篇文章写得很好。（as far as) • 火车可能晚点，你不必为他的安全这样担心。(chances are) • 在日常生活中，煤气作为燃料以取代了煤。(replace) • 年轻人应该学会不依赖父母生活。(independent） Answers

31. Answers of Translation • 1. You can look up the phone number of the company in the phone book. • 2. Outmoded conventions and bad customs should be done away with. • 3. As far as I know, they can’t finish the project ahead of schedule. • 4. As far as the structure is concerned ,the article is good, but the content needs to be enriched. • 5. Chances are, that the train will be late. You needn’t worry so much for him. • 6. In daily life, gas has replaced coal as fuel. • 7. Young people should learn to be independent of their parents.