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Development of Nursing Research

1. Development of Nursing Research. Learning Objectives. Define Nursing Research Identify Sources Of Nursing Knowledge Describe Scientific Research Compare Two Broad Purposes For Conducting Research Discuss Four Goals For Conducting Nursing Research. Learning Objectives (cont’d).

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Development of Nursing Research

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  1. 1 Development of Nursing Research

  2. Learning Objectives • Define Nursing Research • Identify Sources Of Nursing Knowledge • Describe Scientific Research • Compare Two Broad Purposes For Conducting Research • Discuss Four Goals For Conducting Nursing Research

  3. Learning Objectives (cont’d) Compare Qualitative And Quantitative Research Recognize The Importance Of Outcomes Research Contrast The Various Roles Of Nurses In Research Recall Some Of The Historic Events In The Development Of Nursing Research

  4. Learning Objectives (cont’d) Determine Priority Areas For Nursing Research Explain The Significance Of The National Institute Of Nursing Research Recognize The Importance Of The Cochrane Nursing Care Field

  5. Learning Objective OneDefine Nursing Research

  6. Nurses and the Research Process • Educate the public that nurses do research • Report research findings locally and nationally • Present information on clinical practice issues

  7. Undergraduate Nursing Curriculum • Nursing research courses • Research content in all nursing courses • Research threaded throughout the curriculum

  8. Nursing Research and Nursing Knowledge • Ask the right questions • Search for evidence to support and answer questions • Implement changes to improve practice • Evaluate results of the changes • Add to our unique body of nursing knowledge

  9. Nursing Research Definition • Uses a systematic and objective process • Analyzes phenomena of importance to nursing

  10. Nursing Research Domains • Nursing practice • Nursing education • Nursing administration

  11. Clinical Nursing Research • Focuses on clients and studies • Positively affects care of clients

  12. The Scientific Method • One source of nursing knowledge • Most reliable source of nursing knowledge

  13. Learning Objective TwoIdentify Sources Of Nursing Knowledge

  14. Sources of Nursing Knowledge • Tradition • Experts, authorities • Trial and error • Scientific research

  15. Sources of Nursing Knowledge: Tradition • Handing down of knowledge

  16. Sources of Nursing Knowledge: Experts and Authorities • Past: physicians • Today: unique body of nursing knowledge

  17. Sources of Nursing Knowledge: Trial and Error • Means of discovering knowledge • Reasons for success or failure not determined

  18. The Scientific Research Method • Best source for research knowledge • Most reliable of all sources • Very objective in its process

  19. Learning Objective ThreeDescribe Scientific Research

  20. Traditional Scientific Research • Systematic • Orderly • Objective

  21. Empirical Data • Hallmark of scientific method • Data gathered via senses

  22. Features of Scientific Research Process • Unbiased data and facts • Not influenced by researcher • Control measures

  23. Scientific Research and Problem-solving Approach: Similarities • Identify problem areas • Establish plans of action • Collect data and information • Evaluate data results

  24. Varied Purposes • Scientific research • Broader in scope • Obtains data for generalization • Applies knowledge to other people and settings

  25. Varied Purposes • Problem-solving approach • Specific in scope • Seeks a solution to a problem in specific setting • Uses knowledge for people in specific setting

  26. Learning Objective FourCompare Two Broad Purposes For Conducting Research

  27. Two Broad Purposes of Nursing Research • Basic • Applied

  28. Basic Research • Generates new knowledge • “Knowledge for knowledge’s sake” • Develops, tests, and refines theories • Immediate application of results rare

  29. Applied Research • Majority of nursing research • Uses new knowledge to solve immediate problems

  30. Funding Opportunities for Nursing Research • Federal government: National Institute for Nursing Research • Private foundations • Corporations • Professional organizations • Sigma Theta Tau International • American Nurses Foundation

  31. Learning Objective FiveDiscuss Four Goals ForConducting Nursing Research

  32. Goals for Conducting Research • Promote evidence-based nursing practice • Ensure credibility of the nursing profession • Provide accountability for nursing practice • Document cost effectiveness of nursing care

  33. Evidence-Based Nursing Practice (EBNP) • Provide best possible care • Clinical decisions based on • Best research evidence • Nurses’ clinical expertise • Health care preferences of clients

  34. Credibility of Nursing Profession • Professional versus vocational • Establishing own body of knowledge • Research helps determine what makes nursing profession unique. • Build on high ethical and honesty ranking

  35. Accountability for Nursing Practice • Increased independence → more accountability • Promote actions based on sound rationale • General public’s increased knowledge → higher expectations • Keep knowledge base current

  36. Cost Effectiveness—a Nursing Responsibility • Gain an education in business and finances • Help patients understand the importance of nursing • Nursing is large part of an institution's budget. • Validate nursing activity effectiveness with research

  37. Learning Objective SixCompare Qualitative And Quantitative Research

  38. Quantitative Research • Objectivity • Tight controls • Generalization of findings

  39. Qualitative Research • Subjectivity • No controls • Not able to generalize findings

  40. What Type of ResearchAre Nurses Doing? • Initially, quantitative • Focus change—qualitative • Qualitative research is increasing.

  41. Hard Science Versus Soft Science • Is there a difference? • Is one better than the other? • What are researchers really doing?

  42. Learning Objective SevenRecognize The Importance Of Outcomes Research

  43. Outcomes Research • Measurable outcomes • Addresses interventions • Uses certain patient populations

  44. Nursing Research and Outcomes • A new buzzword in health care • Nursing always concerned with outcomes

  45. What Makes Outcomes Research Different? • Not just traditional clinical measurement • Different design, methods, and sampling procedures • Less controlled

  46. Outcomes Research Influences • High cost of health care • Nursing care that is cost effective • Services purchased that improve client health

  47. Learning Objective EightContrast The Various Roles Of Nurses In Research

  48. Educational Expectations for Nursing Research • Vary by preparation • Baccalaureate nurses’ research expectations • Postdoctoral nurses’ research expectations • All nurses should read research. • Advanced practice nurses perform research.

  49. Specific Research Roles for Nurses • Principal investigator • Member of research team • Identifier of researchable problems • Evaluator of research findings • User of research findings • Patient/client advocate during studies • Subject/participant in studies

  50. Principal Investigator • Beginning nurse researcher • Small-scale surveys • Independent researcher • Special research preparation

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