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Yesterday, we asked “are all chemicals bad?”

Learn the fundamentals of chemistry including matter, mass, and the different branches of chemistry. Understand the scientific method and the different parts of an experiment. Explore types of data and conduct a music and plant growth experiment.

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Yesterday, we asked “are all chemicals bad?”

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Yesterday, we asked “are all chemicals bad?” • No, but some can be dangerous • Chemicals are everywhere • Which brings us to…

  2. What is Chemistry? • the study of matter and the changes that it undergoes. What is Matter? • anything that has mass and takes up space What is Mass? • a measurement of the amount of matter in an object

  3. Mass verses Weight • They are related, but what’s the difference? • Mass is universal, weight depends on gravity • Weight = mass times the gravitational pull

  4. Branches of Chemistry • Organic • Inorganic • Analytical • Physical • Biochemical

  5. Organic • Area of Emphasis • Most carbon-containing chemicals • Examples: • Pharmaceuticals • Plastics

  6. Inorganic • Area of Emphasis • In general, matter that does not contain carbon • Examples: • Minerals • Metals and nonmetals • Semi-conductors

  7. Analytical • Area of Emphasis • Components and composition of substances • Examples: • Food Nutrients • Quality Control

  8. Physical • Area of Emphasis • The behavior and changes of matter and the related energy changes • Examples: • Reaction Rates • Reaction Mechanisms

  9. Biochemical • Area of Emphasis • Matter and processes of living organisms • Examples: • Metabolism • Fermentation

  10. Next, the Scientific Method

  11. Why do we have the scientific method? Gives us logical steps to follow to assist us in answering a question.

  12. What are the “steps”? • Develop a question • Conduct background research • Form a hypothesis • Test with an experiment • Make observations and collect data • Analyze the results • Draw conclusions • Report results and test again

  13. Parts of an experiment

  14. Independent Variable • Part of the experiment that the scientist changes • What is being tested • There is only one independent variable at a time. • What I change

  15. Dependent Variable Part of the experiment that changes because of the independent variable

  16. Control Part of the experiment that does not receive the independent variable

  17. Constants Part of the experiment that remain the same for every part of the experiment

  18. Types of Data • Quantitative • Data that is numerical in nature • Qualitative • Data that is descriptive in nature

  19. An example experiment • A person wants to test whether music can help make plants grow. The person plants several seeds from the same batch into identical flower pots with identical potting soil, watering schedule and light supply. One flower pot is isolated from the sound supply, while the other pots are subjected to various types of music. After 1 month, the “healthiness” of each plant is measured.

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