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Understanding the Subjunctive: Formation and Usage

Learn about the subjunctive mood, its formation, usage in expressions of doubt, wishes, and commands, trigger verbs, irregulars, stem-changers, and more. Practice exercises included.

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Understanding the Subjunctive: Formation and Usage

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  1. El Subjuntivo

  2. ¿QuÉes el subjuntivo? • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pt5Dbng7jpQ • The Subjunctive is used to express the hypotethical, things with doubt, commands, wishes, if clauses, maybe…

  3. Cómo se forma… • 1. Put verb in the “yo” form • 2. Drop “o” • 3. Add the opposite ending • AR ER/IR

  4. AR

  5. ER/IR

  6. Los Irregulares • DISHES • DAR IR SER

  7. Los irregulares - dishes • HABER ESTAR SABER

  8. LOS USOS • In order to use the subjunctive you must have two things • 1. A compound sentence with a subject change (que) • 2. A trigger verb in the beginning part of the sentence • We are happy that you have studied well for the test.

  9. Trigger Verbs… • TheSubjunctiveis a ‘WEIRDO’ Verb Tense • W Forwants, wishes, and desires. • Quiero que / Me gusta que hables. • E For shows of OutwardEmotion • Me alegra que / Temo que hables. • I Forimpersonal Statements • Es importante que hables. • R Forrequests (Nules personal oranaffirmation) • Te mando que hables. • D Fordoubtordenial • Dudo que / Niego que hables. • O For ‘Ojalá’ . . . a keynounclause in thesubjunctive. • Ojalá que hables.

  10. Ojalá • I hope that… • I hope that we win the game • I hope to be a doctor.

  11. Wants/wishes • The subjunctive is used following expressions of hope or desire. • Sentence must be a compound sentence, and must have a subject change. • Verbos que expresan deseos y esperanzas: • ESPERAR – TO HOPE • DESEAR – TO HOPE/WISH • QUERER – TO WANT • NECESITAR – TO NEED • PEDIR – TO ASK/ORDER • PREFERIR – TO PREFER • INSISTIR EN – TO INSIST ON • EXIGIR – TO DEMAN • MANDAR – TO COMMAND • ARE THESE VERBS IN THE INDICATIVE OR SUBJUNCTIVE?

  12. Practiquemos • 1. THEY WANT YOU TO RECEIVE MANY GIFTS FOR YOUR BIRTHDAY. • 2. I wish THAT WE DIDN’T HAVE A GRAMMAR QUIZ THIS WEEK. • 3. YOU HOPE TO LEAVE EARLY TODAY. • 4. I HOPE THAT THE SUBJUNCTIVE ISN’T TOO HARD.

  13. Stem-changers • -AR and –ER stem changers change the same way in the subjunctive as in the present tense. • -Form the “zapato”, no change in the nosotros and the vosotros forms. ¡Ten cuidado con cambios de otrografía! (spelling: car,gar,zar) • PENSAR PODER

  14. Ir stem-changers • -e-i changers change in ALL forms • Pedir

  15. Ir stem-changers • -e-ie,i & o-ue,u are a little different, they have the normal stem change in the “zapato”… but outside of the shoe there is a different change. • DORMIR SENTIR

  16. requests • The subjunctive is used following phrases that indicate a request, need or a persuasion. • Sentence must be a compound sentence, and must have a subject change. • Commonverbs of Request: • Aconsejar • Insistir en • Pedir (e-i) • Preferir (e-ie) • Recomendar (e-ie) • Sugerir (e-ie) • Hacer falta • Necesitar

  17. practiquemos • I need for you to finish the project quickly. • The teachers prefer that we don’t arrive late to class. • My mom insists that I go to the museum today. • You advise them to learn how to dance.

  18. Impersonal expressions • The subjunctive is used following impersonal expressions. • Sentence must be a compound sentence, and must have a subject change. • Impersonal expressions are expressions that do not have a particular subject, and us the verb ser. • Es + adjetivo = impersonal expression • All impersonal expressions require the conjugated verb to be in the subjunctive mood. • Es terrible Esmejor • Es possible Esfácil • Es importante Es difícil+que +subjuntivo • EsimposibleEstriste • EsbuenoEsnecesario • Esdudoso

  19. However… • When impersonal expressions express a certainty and are followed by a conjugated verb it is ALWAYS in the indicative mood. • Es cierto - Es verdad - Es claro – • Es obvio - es seguro - • No es dudoso- • Es cierto que tiene mucho dinero. • Es verdad que llagan esta tarde.

  20. practiquemos • It’s necessary that you practice your projects. • It’s better that we study every night. • It’s true that you all are very smart. • It’s good that they leave on time.

  21. Emotions • The subjunctive is used following verbs of emotion. • Sentence must be a compound sentence, and must have a subject change. • Estar + emotion • Sentir • Sentirse • Alegrarse • Temer • Tenermiedo de • Gustar • Interesar • Aburrir • Encantar

  22. practiquemos • They are happy we take the class. • Are you sorry that I am friends with her? • I feel sad that you can’t come with us.

  23. doubt • The subjunctive is used following verbs of doubt. • Sentence must be a compound sentence, and must have a subject change. • Dudar • Negar • No creer • No pensar • Esdudoso • No escierto/verdad/seguro/obvio/claro

  24. practiquemos • Do you doubt that I will get an A? • They don’t believe that we will have many tests. • It is doubtful that there will be many people there. • It is clear that we have a great class!

  25. Unknown/quizas/talvez • The subjunctive is used when something is unknown/can not be identified or named. • Sentence must be a compound sentence, and must have a subject change. • Subjunctive is also used with anything that ‘may’ happen, quizás / talvez • Perhaps we will go to the store. • Maybe they won’t know the truth. • Do you have many employees that speak german? • There are many people that I know. • We are looking for someone that can write well. • There is nobody here that knows the truth.

  26. Los perfectos en el subjuntivo • HABER PARTICIPIO PASADO

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