Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds

1. Nomenclatureof Inorganic Compounds

2. 0. review

3. Diatomic Molecules Hydrogen H2 Nitrogen N2 Oxygen O2 Fluorine F2 Chlorine Cl2 Bromine Br2 Iodine I2

4. Polyatomic Molecules • Sulfur S8 • Phosphorous P4

5. Outline 1. Common Names 2. Ions 3. Ionic Formulas 4. Polyatomic Ions 5. Halogen Compounds 6. Acids 7. Covalent Compounds

6. Chemical names are either: commonor systematicCommon names are inconsistent but often come from stories, people’s names, important characteristics of a compound, history. They continue to be used in spite of their lack of consistency.Systemic names are regulated by the IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

7. 1. common names

9. 2. ions

10. If one or more electrons are removed from a neutral atom a positive ion is formed. A positive ion is called a cation. remove e- → neutral atom cation

11. The charge of a cation depends on the atom. Na  Na+ + e- Ca  Ca2+ + 2e- Al  Al3+ + 3e-

13. cations have the same name as their parent atoms

14. If one or more electrons are added to a neutral atom a negative ion is formed. A negative ion is called an anion. add e- → neutral atom anion

15. anions made from one element have names that end in -ide

17. Ions are always formed by adding or removing electrons from an atom. Protons are NOT added or removed except in NUCLEAR reactions.

18. elements of Group 6A have a -2 charge elements of Group 5A have a-3 charge elements of Group 2A have a+2 charge elements of Group 7A have a-1 charge 6.2

19. Chemical compounds have a NET charge of zero. The charge of all the cations must be equal to the charge of all the anions.

20. Write the formula of calcium chloride. Step 1. Write down the formulas of the ions. Ca2+Cl- Step 2.Combine the smallest numbers of Ca2+ and Cl- so that the sum of the charges equals zero. (Ca2+) +2(Cl-) = 0 (2+) + 2(1-) = 0 The correct formula is CaCl2

21. Write the formula of barium phosphide. Step 1. Write down the formulas of the ions. Ba2+P3- Step 2. Combine the smallest numbers of Ba2+ and P3- so that the sum of the charges equals zero. 3(Ba2+) +2(P3-) = 0 3(2+) + 2(3-) = 0 The correct formula is Ba3P2

22. Write the formula of magnesium oxide. Step 1. Write down the formulas of the ions. Mg2+O2- Step 2. Combine the smallest numbers of Mg2+ and O2- so that the sum of the charges equals zero. (Mg2+) +(O2-) = 0 (2+) + (2-) = 0 The correct formula is MgO

23. 3. ionic formulas

24. Binary compounds contain only two different elements. Binary ionic compounds consist of a metal combined with a non-metal.

27. name of metal nonmetal stem NaCl sodiumchloride

28. name of metal nonmetal stem MgCl2 magnesiumchloride

29. K2O potassiumoxide

30. Na3P sodiumphosphide

31. Some metals form more than one type of cation. These metals are said to have variable oxidation states. 6.2

32. Different compounds are formed with different oxidation states of the cation. Fe2+ FeS Fe3+ Fe2S3 6.2

33. In the Stock System the charge on a cation with variable oxidations states is designated by a Roman numeral placed in parentheses immediately following the name of the metal.

34. Stock System Copper Cu+ copper (I) Cu2+ copper (II) Iron Fe2+ iron(II) Fe3+ iron(III) Lead Pb2+ lead (II) Pb4+ lead(IV) Mercury Hg22+ mercury(I) Hg2+ mercury(II) Tin Sn2+ tin(II) Sn4+ tin (IV)

35. +2 -1 iron(II) chloride +3 -1 iron(III) chloride iron(II) chloride FeCl2 ion name ion charge compound name iron(III) chloride FeCl3

36. +2 -1 tin(II) bromide +4 -1 tin(IV) bromide tin(II) bromide SnBr2 ion name ion charge compound name tin(IV) bromide SnBr4

37. 2+ 2 Classical System

38. 4. polyatomic ions

39. A polyatomic ion is an ion that contains two or more elements.

41. The names, formulas and charges of polyatomic ions must be committed to memory.

42. hydroxide OH1-

43. cyanide CN1-

44. thiocyanate SCN1-

45. carbonate CO32-

46. bicarbonate HCO31-

47. sulfate SO42-

48. sulfite SO32-

49. phosphate PO43-

50. phosphite PO33-