1 / 28

14-Jan-2013 Fanny Mlinarsky

Wireless for Miniaturized Consumer Electronics. Introduction: Understanding the Different Flavors of IEEE 802.11. 14-Jan-2013 Fanny Mlinarsky. Outline. A brief history of 802.11 802.11 alphabet soup Chipsets and reference designs Emerging 802.11 technology. Brief History of Wireless.

ryann
Download Presentation

14-Jan-2013 Fanny Mlinarsky

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Wireless for Miniaturized Consumer Electronics Introduction: Understanding the Different Flavors of IEEE 802.11 14-Jan-2013 Fanny Mlinarsky

  2. Outline • A brief history of 802.11 • 802.11 alphabet soup • Chipsets and reference designs • Emerging 802.11 technology

  3. Brief History of Wireless 5G Key wireless technologies 4G LTE-A IEEE 802 802.11n/ac LTE 3G 802.16e 802.11a/b/g 2G WCDMA/HSxPA GPRS Wireless capacity / throughput Analog CDMA GSM Increasing throughput and capacity IS-54 IS-136 TACS AMPS NMT First cell phones 2015 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 G = generation

  4. OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) Multiple orthogonal carriers Wi-Fi WiMAX LTE • OFDM is the most robust signaling scheme for a hostile wireless channel • Works well in the presence of multipath thanks to multi-tone signaling and cyclic prefix (aka guard interval) • OFDM is used in all new wireless standards, including • 802.11a, g and draft 802.11ac, ad • 802.16d,e; 802.22 • DVB-T, DVB-H, DAB • LTE is the first 3GPP standard to adopt OFDM Voltage Frequency DVB = digital video broadcasting DVB-T = DVB terrestrial DVB-H = DVB handheld DAB = digital audio broadcasting LTE = long term evolution OFDM = orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

  5. History of IEEE 802.11 • 1989: FCC authorizes ISM bands (900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz) • 1990: IEEE begins work on 802.11 • 1994: 2.4 GHz products ship • 1997: 802.11 standard approved • 1998: FCC authorizes UNII Band, (5 GHz) • 1999: 802.11a, b ratified • 2003: 802.11g ratified • 2006: 802.11n draft 2 certification by the Wi-Fi Alliance begins • 2009: 802.11n certification • 2013: 802.11ac (up to 6.9 Gbps) and 802.11ad (up to 6.8 Gbps) ISM = Industrial, Scientific and Medical UNII = Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure

  6. Key Unlicensed Bands 5.9 DSRC (connected vehicle) 4.9 GHz public safety 700 MHz White Spaces MHz 3.1 GHz 10.6 GHz • FCC spectrum allocation chart • http://www.ntia.doc.gov/osmhome/allochrt.PDF DSRC = direct short range communications

  7. 802.11 Channels in the 5GHz Band US Europe, Japan, Global FCC just allowed channel 144, creating additional 20, 40 and 80 MHz channels in the US

  8. IEEE 802.11a,b,g,n Data Rates SGI = short guard interval

  9. IEEE 802.11 Very High Throughput • The goal of the 802.11 VHT effort is to achieve 1 Gbps throughput at nomadic (walking speeds) to support HD video transmission and high speed data applications and to satisfy the IMT-Advanced requirements • TGac and TGad • TGac • Under 6 GHz (2.4 and 5 GHz bands) • Up to 6.9 Gbps • Higher order MIMO (> 4x4) • 8 spatial streams • Multi-user (MU) MIMO • TGad • 60 GHz band • Up to 6.8 Gbps • Capitalize on work already done by 802.15.3c in the 60 GHz band • Beamforming VHT = very high throughput

  10. TGac – Next Generation Wi-Fi • Up to 6.9 Gbps of PHY data rate (draft 0.1) • Higher order MIMO (> 4x4) • 8 spatial streams • Multi-user (MU) MIMO • Up to 4 users; up to 4 streams per user • Higher bandwidth channels (20, 40, 80, 80+80 and 160 MHz) MU-MIMO Multiple beamformed streams in the same channel

  11. 802.11ad 60 GHz Channels • Channel 2 must be supported IEEE 802.11ad is the key standard; other specifications are: 802.15.3c, ECMA-387, WirelessHD • EIRP: (40 dBm avg, 43 dBm peak in the US; 57 dBm in Europe, Japan and Australia • Channel spacing = 2160MHz

  12. Beamforming and Beam Steering • Beamforming is a feature of 802.11ac and central to 802.11ad • Optimizes the range by focusing the energy between transmitting and receiving nodes

  13. Sub 1 GHz Wi-Fi for Smart Grid Source: www.youknowfunny.com/2010/11/wireless-technology.html

  14. IEEE 802.24 Smart Grid ECSG • Serves as a single point of contact for questions regarding the use of 802 standards in Smart Grid applications • Covers wired and wireless 802 protocols • Acts as a liaison with regulatory agencies, industry organizations, other SDOs, government agencies, IEEE societies • Acts as a resource for understanding 802 standards for certification efforts by industry bodies. • http://www.iec.ch/smartgrid/ • http://summit.utc.org/ • http://collaborate.nist.gov/twiki-sggrid/bin/view/SmartGrid/PAP02Wireless?sortcol=1;table=9;up=0 • http://osgug.ucaiug.org/default.aspx • http://www.ieee-pes.org/ PES = power energy society OpenSG = open smart grid UTC = utilities telecom council IEC = international electrotechnical commission ECSG = executive committee study group SDO = standards defining organization

  15. Smart Metering at 915 MHz? • Lower frequency = longer operating range • Internationally available bands in the vicinity of 915 MHz supported by common radio chipsets • Two emerging IEEE 802 wireless standards target this band for smart metering and industrial controls applications 802.11ah 802.15.4g

  16. 802.11ah Sub 1 GHz License-exempt • More than 100 kbps with coverage of up to 1 km; 600 kHz to 20 MHz channel bandwidth • Smart grid – extremely large number of stations (6000 stations per AP) • Environmental and agricultural monitoring – moderately large number of stations (200 per AP) • Healthcare and building automation – dozens of stations • Outdoor application for extended range Wi-Fi – common ground with 802.11af White Spaces amendment AP = access point

  17. 802.11af – Database GPS Satellite Administrator 1 Administrator 2 • Fixed TVBDs require geolocation capability and Internet access to a database of protected radio services. • An 802.11af AP can use the 2.4 GHz band to get to the database and find out the available TVB channels and then switch operation to TVB • IETF PAWS group is developing the database standard DB 1 DB 2 Geolocation IETF PAWS Available channels Mode II Device Fixed DB 3 Administrator 3 Mode I Device TVB = TV band TVBD = TV band devices DB = database IETF = internet engineering task force PAWS = protocol to access white space

  18. Commonality 802.11ac/af/ah 802.11ac Feb-2014 Very High Throughput (5 GHz) • 802.11af/ah derive their specifications from 802.11ac • Operation of 11af and 11ah is under 1 GHz • Support for longer delay spread outdoor deployments 802.11af 802.11ah UHF (TV band) Sub-1GHz (smart grid) Jun-2014 Jan-2016

  19. Intelligent Transportation Systems 802.11p – 5.9 GHz Good introduction here • Crash avoidance • Emergency electronic brake light • Forward collision warning • Blind spot warning / lane change warning • Do not pass warning • Left turn assist • Safety assist • Remote diagnosis (EV battery monitoring) • Stopped vehicle or pedestrian warning • Road condition warning • Convenience • Toll collection • Charging station guidance / info for EV • Mobile commerce / mobile advertisement • Web browsing, File (video, audio) downloading Do not pass

  20. 802.11p DSRC • 802.11p is the PHY for ITS • DSRC is the method for vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to road-side unit communications to support… • Public safety, collision avoidance, traffic awareness and management, traveler information, toll booth payments • Under regulation of DoT DSRC = dedicated short range communications DoT = department of transportation ITS = intelligent transportation systems

  21. IEEE 802.11 Active Task Groups • TGm – Maintenance • TGac – VHT below 6 GHz (very high throughput < 6 GHz) • TGad – VHT at 60 GHz • TGaf – TV Band operation • TGah – Operation in 900 MHz band • TGai – Fast initial link setup • TGaj – China Mili-Meter Wave • TGak – General Link • TGaq – Pre-Association Discovery • ARC SC – Architecture • REG SC – Regulatory • WNG SC – Wireless Next Generation http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/11 TG = task group SG = study group SC = standing committee

  22. 802.11 Past Task Groups • TGma– Maintenance • TGa – 5 GHz OFDM PHY • TGb– 2.4 GHz 11 Mbps; DSSS PHY • TGc– Bridging (part of 802.1) • TGd – Additional regulatory domains • TGe – Quality of Service • TGf – Inter-AP protocol • TGg – 2.4 GHz OFDM PHY • TGh – Radar avoidance (DFS, TPC) • TGi–Security • TGk – Radio Resource Measurements • TGn – High Throughput; MIMO • TGp – Vehicular ITS networks • TGr – Fast Roaming • TGs – Mesh networking • TGT – IEEE 802 Performance • TGu – InterWorking with External Networks • TGv – Wireless network management • TGw – Protected Management Frames • TGy – 3650-3700 MHz Operation in US • TGz – Direct Link Setup • TGaa – Robust streaming of AV Transport Streams • TGae – Prioritization of management frames OFDM = orthogonal frequency division multiplexing DSSS = direct sequence spread spectrum ITS = intelligent transportation systems MIMO = multiple input multiple output DFS = dynamic frequency selection TPC = transmit power control

  23. TGa TGe TGg TGc TGd TGh TGb TGb-cor1 TGi TGj 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 IEEE 802.11 Timeline TGk TGmb TGma TGn TGp Part of 802.1 TGr TGs withdrawn TGT TGF TGu TGv TGw TGy 802.11-1999 IEEE Standard April 1999 802.11-2007 IEEE Standard June 2007 802.11-1997 IEEE Standard July 1997

  24. IEEE 802.11 Timeline (continued) 802.11-2012 Mar 29, 2012 802.11-2007 802.11k-2008 802.11r-2008 802.11y-2008 802.11w-2009 802.11n-2009 802.11p-2010 802.11z-2010 802.11v-2011 802.11u-2011 TGmb TGm TGp TGs Tgu TGv TGz TGaa TGac TGad TGae TGaf TGah TGai http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/11/Reports/802.11_Timelines.htm 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

  25. 802.11 Emerging Specifications Specification Expected completion Overview Amendment Communication range User velocity Transmission rate High Throughput w/ wider channels Up to 6.9 Gbps Dec/13 11ac High Throughput in 60 GHz band Up to 6.8 Gbps 10 m at 1 Gbps 11ad Oct/12 Done Up to 5 km Wi-Fi on TV White Space 802.11n/ac rates scaled to channel Jun/14 11af Jan/16 11ah > 100 kbps Sub 1 GHz 1 km Fast initialization (target 100 ms) Target: + 200 km/h Mar/14 11ai Wi-Fi for mobile Select AP that provides needed services Pre-association Discovery ? 11aq http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/11/Reports/802.11_Timelines.htm

  26. Future Additional Allocation of 5 GHz Spectrum New FCC initiative • Sec. 6406. UNLICENSED USE IN THE 5 GHZ BAND • Allows unlicensed U–NII devices to operate in the 5350–5470 MHz band • Adds 120 MHz for use by 802.11a/n/ac devices operating in the 5 GHz band • Later to allow operation in the 5850–5925 MHz band, an additional 75 MHz

  27. Summary of 802.11 • High level of investment and focus • Most advanced technology • First with OFDM and MIMO • Widest channels (80 and 160 MHz wide) • Technology is spreading beyond LAN into MAN (802.11ah/af), NAN (smart grid),WAN (carrier networks) and PAN • Greatest economies of scale bringing low cost of devices LAN = local area networking MAN = metropolitan area networking PAN = personal area networking NAN = neighborhood area networks

  28. Next Session • Part II: MIMO or SISO? Wireless Design Considerations and Trade-offs • Tuesday, January 15th 2013 • 12 pm EST Visit octoScope publications for more material

More Related