3.2: Organelles

1. 3.2: Organelles

2. What is an organelle? Organelles are structures specialized to perform distinct processes within a cell.

3. Where are organelles found? Organelles are found in the cytoplasm of Eukaryotic cells…plant and animal cells.

4. Nucleus • Brain of the cell • Stores all genetic information • Must protect DNA and have it ready for cell to use • Enclosed by a nuclear membrane • Contains nucleolus-place where ribosomes are made

5. Endoplasmic Reticulum • 2 types: • Smooth • Rough • Proteins and lipids are produced here • Produces, processes and distributes proteins throughout the cell

6. Endoplasmic Reticulum

7. Ribosomes • Link amino acids to form proteins • Site of protein synthesis • Made of proteins and RNA

8. Golgi Apparatus • Processes, sorts and delivers proteins • Post Office of the cell

9. Vesicles • Sac that divides some material from the rest of the cytoplasm and transports them from place to place

10. Mitochondria • Powerhouse of the cell • Supplies energy to the cell • Bean shaped • Made of two membranes • Inner membrane is place where food is converted into energy

11. Vacuole • Storage site for cells

12. Lysosome • Contain enzymes • Defend cell from invading bacteria and viruses • Breaks down damaged or worn out cell parts • Animal cell only

13. Centriole • Cylinder shape • Made of short microtubules • 2 centrioles perpendicular to one another • Play role in cell division • Organize microtubules to form cilia and flagella • Animal cell only

14. Chloroplast • Carry out photosynthesis • Convert solar energy into chemical energy • Contain chlorophyll which makes plants green • Plants only

15. Central Vacuole • Large sac filled with fluid that strengthens and helps support the cell • Prevents plant from wilting • Plants only

16. Cell Wall • Surrounds cell membrane • Rigid layer that protects, supports and shapes the cell